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Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised...

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Autores principales: Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem, Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao, Mak, Kit-Kay, Parolia, Abhishek, Babar, Muneer Gohar, Yiu, Cynthia, Daood, Umer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8586951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771014
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216605
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author Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem
Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
Mak, Kit-Kay
Parolia, Abhishek
Babar, Muneer Gohar
Yiu, Cynthia
Daood, Umer
author_facet Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem
Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
Mak, Kit-Kay
Parolia, Abhishek
Babar, Muneer Gohar
Yiu, Cynthia
Daood, Umer
author_sort Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem
collection PubMed
description This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.
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spelling pubmed-85869512021-11-13 Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Mak, Kit-Kay Parolia, Abhishek Babar, Muneer Gohar Yiu, Cynthia Daood, Umer Molecules Article This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9. MDPI 2021-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8586951/ /pubmed/34771014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216605 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem
Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
Mak, Kit-Kay
Parolia, Abhishek
Babar, Muneer Gohar
Yiu, Cynthia
Daood, Umer
Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
title Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
title_full Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
title_fullStr Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
title_full_unstemmed Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
title_short Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
title_sort concentration-dependent multi-potentiality of l-arginine: antimicrobial effect, hydroxyapatite stability, and mmps inhibition
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8586951/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771014
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216605
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