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Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8586951/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216605 |
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author | Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Mak, Kit-Kay Parolia, Abhishek Babar, Muneer Gohar Yiu, Cynthia Daood, Umer |
author_facet | Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Mak, Kit-Kay Parolia, Abhishek Babar, Muneer Gohar Yiu, Cynthia Daood, Umer |
author_sort | Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8586951 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85869512021-11-13 Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Mak, Kit-Kay Parolia, Abhishek Babar, Muneer Gohar Yiu, Cynthia Daood, Umer Molecules Article This study’s objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation’s effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9. MDPI 2021-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8586951/ /pubmed/34771014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216605 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bijle, Mohammed Nadeem Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Mak, Kit-Kay Parolia, Abhishek Babar, Muneer Gohar Yiu, Cynthia Daood, Umer Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition |
title | Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition |
title_full | Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition |
title_fullStr | Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition |
title_full_unstemmed | Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition |
title_short | Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition |
title_sort | concentration-dependent multi-potentiality of l-arginine: antimicrobial effect, hydroxyapatite stability, and mmps inhibition |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8586951/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216605 |
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