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Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques
With the increase in the widespread use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), increasing numbers of applications require precise position data. Of all the GNSS positioning methods, the most precise are those that are based in differential systems, such as Differential GNSS (DGNSS) and Real-...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8587745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34770680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217374 |
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author | Manito, João Sanguino, José |
author_facet | Manito, João Sanguino, José |
author_sort | Manito, João |
collection | PubMed |
description | With the increase in the widespread use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), increasing numbers of applications require precise position data. Of all the GNSS positioning methods, the most precise are those that are based in differential systems, such as Differential GNSS (DGNSS) and Real-Time Kinematics (RTK). However, for absolute positioning, the precision of these methods is tied to their reference position estimates. With the goal of quickly auto-surveying the position of a base station receiver, four positioning methods are analyzed and compared, namely Least Squares (LS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), using only pseudorange measurements, as well as the Hatch Filter and position thresholding. The research results show that the EKF and UKF present much better mean errors than LS and WLS, with an attained precision below 1 m after about 4 h of auto-surveying. The methods that presented the best results are then tested against existing implementations, showing them to be very competitive, especially considering the differences between the used receivers. Finally, these results are used in a DGNSS test, which verifies a significant improvement in the position estimate as the base station position estimate improves. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8587745 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85877452021-11-13 Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques Manito, João Sanguino, José Sensors (Basel) Article With the increase in the widespread use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), increasing numbers of applications require precise position data. Of all the GNSS positioning methods, the most precise are those that are based in differential systems, such as Differential GNSS (DGNSS) and Real-Time Kinematics (RTK). However, for absolute positioning, the precision of these methods is tied to their reference position estimates. With the goal of quickly auto-surveying the position of a base station receiver, four positioning methods are analyzed and compared, namely Least Squares (LS), Weighted Least Squares (WLS), Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), using only pseudorange measurements, as well as the Hatch Filter and position thresholding. The research results show that the EKF and UKF present much better mean errors than LS and WLS, with an attained precision below 1 m after about 4 h of auto-surveying. The methods that presented the best results are then tested against existing implementations, showing them to be very competitive, especially considering the differences between the used receivers. Finally, these results are used in a DGNSS test, which verifies a significant improvement in the position estimate as the base station position estimate improves. MDPI 2021-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8587745/ /pubmed/34770680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217374 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Manito, João Sanguino, José Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques |
title | Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques |
title_full | Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques |
title_fullStr | Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques |
title_full_unstemmed | Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques |
title_short | Performance Evaluation of GPS Auto-Surveying Techniques |
title_sort | performance evaluation of gps auto-surveying techniques |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8587745/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34770680 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217374 |
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