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N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators

The molecule N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine (TPD) has been widely used in optoelectronic applications, mainly for its hole-transporting properties, but also for its capability to emit blue light and amplified spontaneous emission, which is important for the development of organic la...

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Autores principales: Bonal, Víctor, Quintana, José A., Villalvilla, José M., Boj, Pedro G., Muñoz-Mármol, Rafael, Mira-Martínez, Jose C., Díaz-García, María A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8587923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771398
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213843
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author Bonal, Víctor
Quintana, José A.
Villalvilla, José M.
Boj, Pedro G.
Muñoz-Mármol, Rafael
Mira-Martínez, Jose C.
Díaz-García, María A.
author_facet Bonal, Víctor
Quintana, José A.
Villalvilla, José M.
Boj, Pedro G.
Muñoz-Mármol, Rafael
Mira-Martínez, Jose C.
Díaz-García, María A.
author_sort Bonal, Víctor
collection PubMed
description The molecule N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine (TPD) has been widely used in optoelectronic applications, mainly for its hole-transporting properties, but also for its capability to emit blue light and amplified spontaneous emission, which is important for the development of organic lasers. Here, we report deep-blue-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on TPD dispersed in polystyrene (PS), as active media, and dichromated gelatin layers with holographically engraved relief gratings, as laser resonators. The effect of the device architecture (with the resonator located below or on top of the active layer) is investigated with a dye (TPD) that can be doped into PS at higher rates (up to 60 wt%), than with previously used dyes (<5 wt%). This has enabled changing the index contrast between film and resonator, which has an important effect on the laser performance. With regards to thresholds, both architectures behave similarly for TPD concentrations above 20 wt%, while for lower concentrations, top-layer resonator devices show lower values (around half). Remarkably, the operational durability of top-layer resonator devices is larger (in a factor of around 2), independently of the TPD concentration. This is a consequence of the protection offered by the resonator against dye photo-oxidation when the device is illuminated with pulsed UV light.
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spelling pubmed-85879232021-11-13 N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators Bonal, Víctor Quintana, José A. Villalvilla, José M. Boj, Pedro G. Muñoz-Mármol, Rafael Mira-Martínez, Jose C. Díaz-García, María A. Polymers (Basel) Article The molecule N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine (TPD) has been widely used in optoelectronic applications, mainly for its hole-transporting properties, but also for its capability to emit blue light and amplified spontaneous emission, which is important for the development of organic lasers. Here, we report deep-blue-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on TPD dispersed in polystyrene (PS), as active media, and dichromated gelatin layers with holographically engraved relief gratings, as laser resonators. The effect of the device architecture (with the resonator located below or on top of the active layer) is investigated with a dye (TPD) that can be doped into PS at higher rates (up to 60 wt%), than with previously used dyes (<5 wt%). This has enabled changing the index contrast between film and resonator, which has an important effect on the laser performance. With regards to thresholds, both architectures behave similarly for TPD concentrations above 20 wt%, while for lower concentrations, top-layer resonator devices show lower values (around half). Remarkably, the operational durability of top-layer resonator devices is larger (in a factor of around 2), independently of the TPD concentration. This is a consequence of the protection offered by the resonator against dye photo-oxidation when the device is illuminated with pulsed UV light. MDPI 2021-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8587923/ /pubmed/34771398 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213843 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bonal, Víctor
Quintana, José A.
Villalvilla, José M.
Boj, Pedro G.
Muñoz-Mármol, Rafael
Mira-Martínez, Jose C.
Díaz-García, María A.
N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_full N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_fullStr N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_full_unstemmed N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_short N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-dyphenylbenzidine Based Distributed Feedback Lasers with Holographically Fabricated Polymeric Resonators
title_sort n,n′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-n,n′-dyphenylbenzidine based distributed feedback lasers with holographically fabricated polymeric resonators
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8587923/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34771398
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213843
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