Cargando…
Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives
In recent years, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway has become one of the most active research areas thanks to its involvement in a variety of physiological processes, especially in conditions associated with immune dysfunction, central nervous system disorders, autoimmunity, infection...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8588338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34770460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217152 |
_version_ | 1784598429020717056 |
---|---|
author | Sadok, Ilona Staniszewska, Magdalena |
author_facet | Sadok, Ilona Staniszewska, Magdalena |
author_sort | Sadok, Ilona |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway has become one of the most active research areas thanks to its involvement in a variety of physiological processes, especially in conditions associated with immune dysfunction, central nervous system disorders, autoimmunity, infection, diabetes, and cancer. The kynurenine pathway generates several metabolites with immunosuppressive functions or neuroprotective, antioxidant, or toxic properties. An increasing body of work on this topic uncovers a need for reliable analytical methods to help identify and quantify tryptophan metabolites at physiological concentrations in biological samples of different origins. Recent methodological advances in the fabrication and application of electrochemical sensors promise a rise in the future generation of novel analytical systems. This work summarizes current knowledge and provides important suggestions with respect to direct electrochemical determinations of kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in complex biological matrices. Measurement challenges, limitations, and future opportunities of electroanalytical methods to advance study of the implementation of kynurenines in disease conditions are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8588338 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85883382021-11-13 Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives Sadok, Ilona Staniszewska, Magdalena Sensors (Basel) Review In recent years, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway has become one of the most active research areas thanks to its involvement in a variety of physiological processes, especially in conditions associated with immune dysfunction, central nervous system disorders, autoimmunity, infection, diabetes, and cancer. The kynurenine pathway generates several metabolites with immunosuppressive functions or neuroprotective, antioxidant, or toxic properties. An increasing body of work on this topic uncovers a need for reliable analytical methods to help identify and quantify tryptophan metabolites at physiological concentrations in biological samples of different origins. Recent methodological advances in the fabrication and application of electrochemical sensors promise a rise in the future generation of novel analytical systems. This work summarizes current knowledge and provides important suggestions with respect to direct electrochemical determinations of kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in complex biological matrices. Measurement challenges, limitations, and future opportunities of electroanalytical methods to advance study of the implementation of kynurenines in disease conditions are discussed. MDPI 2021-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8588338/ /pubmed/34770460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217152 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sadok, Ilona Staniszewska, Magdalena Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives |
title | Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives |
title_full | Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives |
title_fullStr | Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives |
title_short | Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites—Challenges and Perspectives |
title_sort | electrochemical determination of kynurenine pathway metabolites—challenges and perspectives |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8588338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34770460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217152 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT sadokilona electrochemicaldeterminationofkynureninepathwaymetaboliteschallengesandperspectives AT staniszewskamagdalena electrochemicaldeterminationofkynureninepathwaymetaboliteschallengesandperspectives |