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β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
OBJECTIVE: It is of interest to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of β-sitosterol (BS) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: β-sitosterol treatments (0.6 and 1.2 mM/ml) were done in HepG2 and after 24 hr, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Reacti...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8588954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804892 http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/AJP.2021.17746 |
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author | Ditty, Mary J. Ezhilarasan, Devaraj |
author_facet | Ditty, Mary J. Ezhilarasan, Devaraj |
author_sort | Ditty, Mary J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: It is of interest to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of β-sitosterol (BS) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: β-sitosterol treatments (0.6 and 1.2 mM/ml) were done in HepG2 and after 24 hr, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulating potential of BS was assessed by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining. Morphology related to apoptosis was investigated by acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining. Cytochrome c and caspase 3 expressions were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. RESULTS: β-sitosterol induced cytotoxicity (p<0.001) and intracellular ROS in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. BS treatments accumulated induced intracellular ROS accumulation which led to membrane damage and mitochondrial toxicity. At the molecular level, BS treatments induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and enhanced the protein expressions (p<0.05 vs 0.6 mM/ml and p<0.001 vs 1.2 mM/ml) of both caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3. CONCLUSION: β-sitosterol induced ROS accumulation which plays a critical role in apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells. The present investigation paves the way for further in vivo studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8588954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85889542021-11-18 β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Ditty, Mary J. Ezhilarasan, Devaraj Avicenna J Phytomed Short Communication OBJECTIVE: It is of interest to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of β-sitosterol (BS) on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: β-sitosterol treatments (0.6 and 1.2 mM/ml) were done in HepG2 and after 24 hr, cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulating potential of BS was assessed by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining. Morphology related to apoptosis was investigated by acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining. Cytochrome c and caspase 3 expressions were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. RESULTS: β-sitosterol induced cytotoxicity (p<0.001) and intracellular ROS in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. BS treatments accumulated induced intracellular ROS accumulation which led to membrane damage and mitochondrial toxicity. At the molecular level, BS treatments induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and enhanced the protein expressions (p<0.05 vs 0.6 mM/ml and p<0.001 vs 1.2 mM/ml) of both caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 3. CONCLUSION: β-sitosterol induced ROS accumulation which plays a critical role in apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells. The present investigation paves the way for further in vivo studies. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8588954/ /pubmed/34804892 http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/AJP.2021.17746 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) ) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Short Communication Ditty, Mary J. Ezhilarasan, Devaraj β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
title | β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
title_full | β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
title_fullStr | β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
title_full_unstemmed | β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
title_short | β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
title_sort | β-sitosterol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
topic | Short Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8588954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804892 http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/AJP.2021.17746 |
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