Risk factors for the histologic discrepancy of gastric adenomatous lesions and long-term outcome

Although endoscopic forceps biopsies (EFB) have a significant role in diagnosing gastric adenoma, there are still discrepancies between EFBs and finalized pathology results. Therefore, the objective of this study was to find the risk factors that cause this discrepancy and to analyze the effects of this discrepancy on the long-term outcome. In this study patients that had received endoscopic resection due to low-grade gastric adenoma diagnosis from EFB between January of 2011 and January of 2018 at the Chungnam National University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether there was histological discrepancy the cumulative incidence of the metachronous lesions were analyzed. A total of 745 lesions diagnosed as low-grade gastric adenoma at EFB were enrolled, and the final pathology results were confirmed to be non-neoplastic (n = 19), low-grade adenoma (n = 614), High-grade adenoma (n = 63), and carcinoma (n = 49), and with the exception of non-neoplastic lesion, the results confirmed 84.6% (n = 614) for the concordant group and 15.4% (n = 112) for the discordant. The results of the multivariate analysis confirmed that depressed lesion (odds ratio [OR]: 2.056; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.130–3.451; P = .011), erythema (OR: 2.546; 95% CI: 1.604–4.030; P = .004), and a size >1.5 cm (OR: 1.903; 95% CI: 1.102–3.172; P = .018) were risk factors for discrepancy. The results also confirmed that for the average observation period of (SD) 39.12 (12.31) months, the cumulative incidence of metachronous neoplasm had a higher significance (P = 0.001) in the discordant group when compared to that of the concordant group. The factors related to the histologic discrepancy of low-grade gastric adenoma were depressed lesion, erythema and size >1.5 cm. In the groups with histological discrepancy, the cumulative incidence of the metachronous neoplasm was significantly higher and therefore closer observation of such patients after performing endoscopic resection is necessary.