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Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been found to be safe and effective in a wide range of animal models of human disease. MSCs have been tested in thousands of clinical trials, but results show that while these cells appear to be safe, they tend to lack efficacy. This has raised questions about w...

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Autores principales: Amadeo, Francesco, Trivino Cepeda, Katherine, Littlewood, James, Wilm, Bettina, Taylor, Arthur, Murray, Patricia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34495324
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210013
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author Amadeo, Francesco
Trivino Cepeda, Katherine
Littlewood, James
Wilm, Bettina
Taylor, Arthur
Murray, Patricia
author_facet Amadeo, Francesco
Trivino Cepeda, Katherine
Littlewood, James
Wilm, Bettina
Taylor, Arthur
Murray, Patricia
author_sort Amadeo, Francesco
collection PubMed
description Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been found to be safe and effective in a wide range of animal models of human disease. MSCs have been tested in thousands of clinical trials, but results show that while these cells appear to be safe, they tend to lack efficacy. This has raised questions about whether animal models are useful for predicting efficacy in patients. However, a problem with animal studies is that there is a lack of standardisation in the models and MSC therapy regimes used; there appears to be publication bias towards studies reporting positive outcomes; and the reproducibility of results from animal experiments tends not to be confirmed prior to clinical translation. A further problem is that while some progress has been made towards investigating the mechanisms of action (MoA) of MSCs, we still fail to understand how they work. To make progress, it is important to ensure that prior to clinical translation, the beneficial effects of MSCs in animal studies are real and can be repeated by independent research groups. We also need to understand the MoA of MSCs to assess whether their effects are likely to be beneficial across different species. In this review, we give an overview of the current clinical picture of MSC therapies and discuss what we have learned from animal studies. We also give a comprehensive update of what we know about the MoA of MSCs, particularly in relation to their role in immunomodulation.
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spelling pubmed-85894402021-11-18 Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action? Amadeo, Francesco Trivino Cepeda, Katherine Littlewood, James Wilm, Bettina Taylor, Arthur Murray, Patricia Emerg Top Life Sci Review Articles Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been found to be safe and effective in a wide range of animal models of human disease. MSCs have been tested in thousands of clinical trials, but results show that while these cells appear to be safe, they tend to lack efficacy. This has raised questions about whether animal models are useful for predicting efficacy in patients. However, a problem with animal studies is that there is a lack of standardisation in the models and MSC therapy regimes used; there appears to be publication bias towards studies reporting positive outcomes; and the reproducibility of results from animal experiments tends not to be confirmed prior to clinical translation. A further problem is that while some progress has been made towards investigating the mechanisms of action (MoA) of MSCs, we still fail to understand how they work. To make progress, it is important to ensure that prior to clinical translation, the beneficial effects of MSCs in animal studies are real and can be repeated by independent research groups. We also need to understand the MoA of MSCs to assess whether their effects are likely to be beneficial across different species. In this review, we give an overview of the current clinical picture of MSC therapies and discuss what we have learned from animal studies. We also give a comprehensive update of what we know about the MoA of MSCs, particularly in relation to their role in immunomodulation. Portland Press Ltd. 2021-10-29 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8589440/ /pubmed/34495324 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210013 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and the Royal Society of Biology and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . Open access for this article was enabled by the participation of University of Liverpool in an all-inclusive Read & Publish pilot with Portland Press and the Biochemical Society under a transformative agreement with JISC.
spellingShingle Review Articles
Amadeo, Francesco
Trivino Cepeda, Katherine
Littlewood, James
Wilm, Bettina
Taylor, Arthur
Murray, Patricia
Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
title Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
title_full Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
title_fullStr Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
title_full_unstemmed Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
title_short Mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
title_sort mesenchymal stromal cells: what have we learned so far about their therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action?
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589440/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34495324
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210013
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