Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the serum and crevicular fluid interleukin-10 levels in chronic periodontitis - A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva of chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS: A comprehensive search was made on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases from Jan 2000 to Sep 2020. Three focused questions were addressed: Do GCF, serum, saliva and IL-10 levels change significantly after NSPT? Randomized and Non-Randomized clinical trials were included in the study. Results of the meta-analysis are expressed as standardized mean differences and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 709 studies were retrieved and 17 met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, whereas subgroup meta-analysis was performed on seven studies (GCF-5, serum-2). All studies included had low risk of bias. IL-10levelin GCF showed an increase at 3 months after NSPT with subsequent decrease at 6 months. However, increased serum IL-10 level at 6 months was seen after therapy. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations, there is moderate evidence that NSPT significantly alters the IL-10 levels in body fluids. IL-10 levels increased in GCF at 3 months whereas decrease was seen at 6 months. Increased IL-10 levels were seen in serum at 6 months.