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When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been suspected for those with contamination-related OCD (C-OCD). However, the course of OCS over the ongoing pandemic remains uncle...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Ltd.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8590107/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34752943 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102493 |
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author | Jelinek, Lena Voderholzer, Ulrich Moritz, Steffen Carsten, Hannes Per Riesel, Anja Miegel, Franziska |
author_facet | Jelinek, Lena Voderholzer, Ulrich Moritz, Steffen Carsten, Hannes Per Riesel, Anja Miegel, Franziska |
author_sort | Jelinek, Lena |
collection | PubMed |
description | The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been suspected for those with contamination-related OCD (C-OCD). However, the course of OCS over the ongoing pandemic remains unclear. We assessed 268 participants with OCD (n = 184 with C-OCD) in an online survey at the beginning of the pandemic in Germany, reassessing 179 participants (66.8%, 104 C-OCD) three months later. We assessed severity of OCD (OCI-R), depression (PHQ-9), experiential avoidance, as well as functional and dysfunctional beliefs. Overall, OCS and depressive symptoms did not substantially change over time. However, when people with and without C-OCD were compared, symptoms improved in patients without C-OCD (nC-OCD) but remained stable in patients with C-OCD over time. Symptom improvement was associated with male gender, higher initial OCI-R, and nC-OCD. Experiential avoidance and beliefs at the beginning of the pandemic did not generally predict change in OCS. People with OCD, particularly those with nC-OCD, showed tentative signs for signs of adapting, whereas distress in those with C-OCD remained at a high level, underlining the burden for these patients. Clinicians should be informed about how to maintain effective treatment for C-OCD during a pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8590107 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85901072021-11-15 When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic Jelinek, Lena Voderholzer, Ulrich Moritz, Steffen Carsten, Hannes Per Riesel, Anja Miegel, Franziska J Anxiety Disord Article The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) has been suspected for those with contamination-related OCD (C-OCD). However, the course of OCS over the ongoing pandemic remains unclear. We assessed 268 participants with OCD (n = 184 with C-OCD) in an online survey at the beginning of the pandemic in Germany, reassessing 179 participants (66.8%, 104 C-OCD) three months later. We assessed severity of OCD (OCI-R), depression (PHQ-9), experiential avoidance, as well as functional and dysfunctional beliefs. Overall, OCS and depressive symptoms did not substantially change over time. However, when people with and without C-OCD were compared, symptoms improved in patients without C-OCD (nC-OCD) but remained stable in patients with C-OCD over time. Symptom improvement was associated with male gender, higher initial OCI-R, and nC-OCD. Experiential avoidance and beliefs at the beginning of the pandemic did not generally predict change in OCS. People with OCD, particularly those with nC-OCD, showed tentative signs for signs of adapting, whereas distress in those with C-OCD remained at a high level, underlining the burden for these patients. Clinicians should be informed about how to maintain effective treatment for C-OCD during a pandemic. Elsevier Ltd. 2021-12 2021-10-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8590107/ /pubmed/34752943 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102493 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Jelinek, Lena Voderholzer, Ulrich Moritz, Steffen Carsten, Hannes Per Riesel, Anja Miegel, Franziska When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic |
title | When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full | When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_fullStr | When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed | When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_short | When a nightmare comes true: Change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic |
title_sort | when a nightmare comes true: change in obsessive-compulsive disorder over the first months of the covid-19 pandemic |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8590107/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34752943 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102493 |
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