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Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications
Nanocellulose, a biopolymer, has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources, including plants, bacteria, an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
KeAi Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34820589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.006 |
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author | Patil, Tejal V. Patel, Dinesh K. Dutta, Sayan Deb Ganguly, Keya Santra, Tuhin Subhra Lim, Ki-Taek |
author_facet | Patil, Tejal V. Patel, Dinesh K. Dutta, Sayan Deb Ganguly, Keya Santra, Tuhin Subhra Lim, Ki-Taek |
author_sort | Patil, Tejal V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nanocellulose, a biopolymer, has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. Depending on the extraction process and dimensions (diameter and length), they are categorized into three main types: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure, whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network. BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose. The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization, which increases its applicability in biomedical applications. This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules, such as drugs, proteins, and plasmids. Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose. The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed. Finally, the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8591404 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | KeAi Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85914042021-11-23 Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications Patil, Tejal V. Patel, Dinesh K. Dutta, Sayan Deb Ganguly, Keya Santra, Tuhin Subhra Lim, Ki-Taek Bioact Mater Article Nanocellulose, a biopolymer, has received wide attention from researchers owing to its superior physicochemical properties, such as high mechanical strength, low density, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulose can be extracted from wide range of sources, including plants, bacteria, and algae. Depending on the extraction process and dimensions (diameter and length), they are categorized into three main types: cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). CNCs are a highly crystalline and needle-like structure, whereas CNFs have both amorphous and crystalline regions in their network. BNC is the purest form of nanocellulose. The nanocellulose properties can be tuned by chemical functionalization, which increases its applicability in biomedical applications. This review highlights the fabrication of different surface-modified nanocellulose to deliver active molecules, such as drugs, proteins, and plasmids. Nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules is profoundly affected by its topographical structure and the interaction between the loaded molecules and nanocellulose. The applications of nanocellulose and its composites in tissue engineering have been discussed. Finally, the review is concluded with further opportunities and challenges in nanocellulose-mediated delivery of active molecules. KeAi Publishing 2021-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8591404/ /pubmed/34820589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.006 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Patil, Tejal V. Patel, Dinesh K. Dutta, Sayan Deb Ganguly, Keya Santra, Tuhin Subhra Lim, Ki-Taek Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
title | Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
title_full | Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
title_fullStr | Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
title_full_unstemmed | Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
title_short | Nanocellulose, a versatile platform: From the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
title_sort | nanocellulose, a versatile platform: from the delivery of active molecules to tissue engineering applications |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34820589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.006 |
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