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Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020

During 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Her...

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Autores principales: Cranford, Hannah M., Browne, A. Springer, LeCount, Karen, Anderson, Tammy, Hamond, Camila, Schlater, Linda, Stuber, Tod, Burke-France, Valicia J., Taylor, Marissa, Harrison, Cosme J., Matias, Katia Y., Medley, Alexandra, Rossow, John, Wiese, Nicholas, Jankelunas, Leanne, de Wilde, Leah, Mehalick, Michelle, Blanchard, Gerard L., Garcia, Keith R., McKinley, Alan S., Lombard, Claudia D., Angeli, Nicole F., Horner, David, Kelley, Thomas, Worthington, David J., Valiulis, Jennifer, Bradford, Bethany, Berentsen, Are, Salzer, Johanna S., Galloway, Renee, Schafer, Ilana J., Bisgard, Kristine, Roth, Joseph, Ellis, Brett R., Ellis, Esther M., Nally, Jarlath E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34780473
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009859
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author Cranford, Hannah M.
Browne, A. Springer
LeCount, Karen
Anderson, Tammy
Hamond, Camila
Schlater, Linda
Stuber, Tod
Burke-France, Valicia J.
Taylor, Marissa
Harrison, Cosme J.
Matias, Katia Y.
Medley, Alexandra
Rossow, John
Wiese, Nicholas
Jankelunas, Leanne
de Wilde, Leah
Mehalick, Michelle
Blanchard, Gerard L.
Garcia, Keith R.
McKinley, Alan S.
Lombard, Claudia D.
Angeli, Nicole F.
Horner, David
Kelley, Thomas
Worthington, David J.
Valiulis, Jennifer
Bradford, Bethany
Berentsen, Are
Salzer, Johanna S.
Galloway, Renee
Schafer, Ilana J.
Bisgard, Kristine
Roth, Joseph
Ellis, Brett R.
Ellis, Esther M.
Nally, Jarlath E.
author_facet Cranford, Hannah M.
Browne, A. Springer
LeCount, Karen
Anderson, Tammy
Hamond, Camila
Schlater, Linda
Stuber, Tod
Burke-France, Valicia J.
Taylor, Marissa
Harrison, Cosme J.
Matias, Katia Y.
Medley, Alexandra
Rossow, John
Wiese, Nicholas
Jankelunas, Leanne
de Wilde, Leah
Mehalick, Michelle
Blanchard, Gerard L.
Garcia, Keith R.
McKinley, Alan S.
Lombard, Claudia D.
Angeli, Nicole F.
Horner, David
Kelley, Thomas
Worthington, David J.
Valiulis, Jennifer
Bradford, Bethany
Berentsen, Are
Salzer, Johanna S.
Galloway, Renee
Schafer, Ilana J.
Bisgard, Kristine
Roth, Joseph
Ellis, Brett R.
Ellis, Esther M.
Nally, Jarlath E.
author_sort Cranford, Hannah M.
collection PubMed
description During 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus), an invasive animal species. This study was conducted across the three main islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and bacterial culture to evaluate serum and kidney specimens and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these laboratory methods. Mongooses (n = 274) were live-trapped at 31 field sites in ten regions across USVI and humanely euthanized for Leptospira spp. testing. Bacterial isolates were sequenced and evaluated for species and phylogenetic analysis using the ppk gene. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 34% (87/256) of mongooses. Reactions were observed with the following serogroups: Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Mini, Cynopteri, Australis, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Mankarso, Pomona, and Ballum. Of the kidney specimens examined, 5.8% (16/270) were FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) were culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) were positive by rt-PCR. Of the Leptospira spp. isolated from mongooses, 25 were L. borgpetersenii, one was L. interrogans, and one was L. kirschneri. Positive predictive values of FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful isolation of Leptospira by culture were 88% and 65%, respectively. The isolation and identification of Leptospira spp. in mongooses highlights the potential role of mongooses as a wildlife reservoir of leptospirosis; mongooses could be a source of Leptospira spp. infections for other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
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spelling pubmed-85924012021-11-16 Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020 Cranford, Hannah M. Browne, A. Springer LeCount, Karen Anderson, Tammy Hamond, Camila Schlater, Linda Stuber, Tod Burke-France, Valicia J. Taylor, Marissa Harrison, Cosme J. Matias, Katia Y. Medley, Alexandra Rossow, John Wiese, Nicholas Jankelunas, Leanne de Wilde, Leah Mehalick, Michelle Blanchard, Gerard L. Garcia, Keith R. McKinley, Alan S. Lombard, Claudia D. Angeli, Nicole F. Horner, David Kelley, Thomas Worthington, David J. Valiulis, Jennifer Bradford, Bethany Berentsen, Are Salzer, Johanna S. Galloway, Renee Schafer, Ilana J. Bisgard, Kristine Roth, Joseph Ellis, Brett R. Ellis, Esther M. Nally, Jarlath E. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article During 2019–2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus), an invasive animal species. This study was conducted across the three main islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and bacterial culture to evaluate serum and kidney specimens and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these laboratory methods. Mongooses (n = 274) were live-trapped at 31 field sites in ten regions across USVI and humanely euthanized for Leptospira spp. testing. Bacterial isolates were sequenced and evaluated for species and phylogenetic analysis using the ppk gene. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 34% (87/256) of mongooses. Reactions were observed with the following serogroups: Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Mini, Cynopteri, Australis, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Mankarso, Pomona, and Ballum. Of the kidney specimens examined, 5.8% (16/270) were FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) were culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) were positive by rt-PCR. Of the Leptospira spp. isolated from mongooses, 25 were L. borgpetersenii, one was L. interrogans, and one was L. kirschneri. Positive predictive values of FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful isolation of Leptospira by culture were 88% and 65%, respectively. The isolation and identification of Leptospira spp. in mongooses highlights the potential role of mongooses as a wildlife reservoir of leptospirosis; mongooses could be a source of Leptospira spp. infections for other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Public Library of Science 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8592401/ /pubmed/34780473 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009859 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cranford, Hannah M.
Browne, A. Springer
LeCount, Karen
Anderson, Tammy
Hamond, Camila
Schlater, Linda
Stuber, Tod
Burke-France, Valicia J.
Taylor, Marissa
Harrison, Cosme J.
Matias, Katia Y.
Medley, Alexandra
Rossow, John
Wiese, Nicholas
Jankelunas, Leanne
de Wilde, Leah
Mehalick, Michelle
Blanchard, Gerard L.
Garcia, Keith R.
McKinley, Alan S.
Lombard, Claudia D.
Angeli, Nicole F.
Horner, David
Kelley, Thomas
Worthington, David J.
Valiulis, Jennifer
Bradford, Bethany
Berentsen, Are
Salzer, Johanna S.
Galloway, Renee
Schafer, Ilana J.
Bisgard, Kristine
Roth, Joseph
Ellis, Brett R.
Ellis, Esther M.
Nally, Jarlath E.
Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_full Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_fullStr Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_full_unstemmed Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_short Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019–2020
title_sort mongooses (urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of leptospira species in the united states virgin islands, 2019–2020
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34780473
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009859
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