Current Therapeutic Use of Metformin During Pregnancy: Maternal Changes, Postnatal Effects and Safety

Metformin is one of the most easily available medications for diabetes and has a relatively low cost. It is not only used in diabetes but is also effective in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. Although insulin is the first choice when it comes to treating pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), metformin has also been debated as a good choice after modification of diet. As metformin passes through the placenta, it is essential to know its consequence of leading to insulin resistance in the fetus as well as the impact on postnatal development. The use of metformin during GDM has raised many trials demonstrating that outcomes from the use of metformin are similar to those achieved with insulin. Follow-up studies were also conducted that assessed the impact on children exposed to metformin in utero. This review highlights the experimental evidence relating to the use of metformin during pregnancy for different conditions, and its impact on the growth and development of offspring.