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Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing

A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable outcome for the host. This balance is crucial because it must not only ensure activation of the first line of defense against viral...

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Autores principales: Chathuranga, Kiramage, Weerawardhana, Asela, Dodantenna, Niranjan, Lee, Jong-Soo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592830/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00691-y
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author Chathuranga, Kiramage
Weerawardhana, Asela
Dodantenna, Niranjan
Lee, Jong-Soo
author_facet Chathuranga, Kiramage
Weerawardhana, Asela
Dodantenna, Niranjan
Lee, Jong-Soo
author_sort Chathuranga, Kiramage
collection PubMed
description A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable outcome for the host. This balance is crucial because it must not only ensure activation of the first line of defense against viral infection but also prevent inappropriate immune activation, which results in autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown how signal transduction pathways initiated by PRRs are positively and negatively regulated by diverse modulators to maintain host immune homeostasis. However, viruses have developed strategies to subvert the host antiviral response and establish infection. Viruses have evolved numerous genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins that antagonize the host immune system. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding key host factors that regulate innate immune signaling molecules upon viral infection and discusses evidence showing how specific viral proteins counteract antiviral responses via immunomodulatory strategies.
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spelling pubmed-85928302021-11-16 Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing Chathuranga, Kiramage Weerawardhana, Asela Dodantenna, Niranjan Lee, Jong-Soo Exp Mol Med Review Article A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable outcome for the host. This balance is crucial because it must not only ensure activation of the first line of defense against viral infection but also prevent inappropriate immune activation, which results in autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown how signal transduction pathways initiated by PRRs are positively and negatively regulated by diverse modulators to maintain host immune homeostasis. However, viruses have developed strategies to subvert the host antiviral response and establish infection. Viruses have evolved numerous genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins that antagonize the host immune system. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding key host factors that regulate innate immune signaling molecules upon viral infection and discusses evidence showing how specific viral proteins counteract antiviral responses via immunomodulatory strategies. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8592830/ /pubmed/34782737 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00691-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article
Chathuranga, Kiramage
Weerawardhana, Asela
Dodantenna, Niranjan
Lee, Jong-Soo
Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
title Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
title_full Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
title_fullStr Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
title_full_unstemmed Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
title_short Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
title_sort regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8592830/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00691-y
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