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Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences
Traditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset of an Ea...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593014/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9 |
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author | Luetzenburg, Gregor Kroon, Aart Bjørk, Anders A. |
author_facet | Luetzenburg, Gregor Kroon, Aart Bjørk, Anders A. |
author_sort | Luetzenburg, Gregor |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset of an Earth surface considerably. Nevertheless, costs and complexity associated with topographic surveying are still high. In 2020, Apple Inc. released the iPad Pro 2020 and the iPhone 12 Pro with novel build-in LiDAR sensors. Here we investigate the basic technical capabilities of the LiDAR sensors and we test the application at a coastal cliff in Denmark. The results are compared to state-of-the-art Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM MVS) point clouds. The LiDAR sensors create accurate high-resolution models of small objects with a side length > 10 cm with an absolute accuracy of ± 1 cm. 3D models with the dimensions of up to 130 × 15 × 10 m of a coastal cliff with an absolute accuracy of ± 10 cm are compiled. Overall, the versatility in handling outweighs the range limitations, making the Apple LiDAR devices cost-effective alternatives to established techniques in remote sensing with possible fields of application for a wide range of geo-scientific areas and teaching. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8593014 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85930142021-11-16 Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences Luetzenburg, Gregor Kroon, Aart Bjørk, Anders A. Sci Rep Article Traditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset of an Earth surface considerably. Nevertheless, costs and complexity associated with topographic surveying are still high. In 2020, Apple Inc. released the iPad Pro 2020 and the iPhone 12 Pro with novel build-in LiDAR sensors. Here we investigate the basic technical capabilities of the LiDAR sensors and we test the application at a coastal cliff in Denmark. The results are compared to state-of-the-art Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM MVS) point clouds. The LiDAR sensors create accurate high-resolution models of small objects with a side length > 10 cm with an absolute accuracy of ± 1 cm. 3D models with the dimensions of up to 130 × 15 × 10 m of a coastal cliff with an absolute accuracy of ± 10 cm are compiled. Overall, the versatility in handling outweighs the range limitations, making the Apple LiDAR devices cost-effective alternatives to established techniques in remote sensing with possible fields of application for a wide range of geo-scientific areas and teaching. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8593014/ /pubmed/34782692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Luetzenburg, Gregor Kroon, Aart Bjørk, Anders A. Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences |
title | Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences |
title_full | Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences |
title_short | Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences |
title_sort | evaluation of the apple iphone 12 pro lidar for an application in geosciences |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593014/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34782692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01763-9 |
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