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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing are widely used as approaches to improve individualized (personalized) pharmacotherapy. Little is known about TDM and PGx testing services in China. This study is aimed to describe the TDM and PGx testing services in nor...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Chunyan, Lei, Jing, Liu, Yi, Wang, Yu, Huang, Lin, Feng, Yufei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34795589
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.754380
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author Zhang, Chunyan
Lei, Jing
Liu, Yi
Wang, Yu
Huang, Lin
Feng, Yufei
author_facet Zhang, Chunyan
Lei, Jing
Liu, Yi
Wang, Yu
Huang, Lin
Feng, Yufei
author_sort Zhang, Chunyan
collection PubMed
description Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing are widely used as approaches to improve individualized (personalized) pharmacotherapy. Little is known about TDM and PGx testing services in China. This study is aimed to describe the TDM and PGx testing services in northern China, and to lay the foundation for improving these services. Methods: We developed an electronic survey using online software and disseminated it to 32 public hospitals in northern China from May to July 2019. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program (Ver.27.0). Results: We collected 29 of the 32 questionnaires (90.6% response rate) from public hospitals in seven provinces of northern China. Twenty-two public hospitals (76%) utilized TDM; immune suppressants, antiepileptic drugs and anti-infective drugs were the main drugs monitored. The hospitals that did not provide TDM service were traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and hospitals with a smaller number of hospital beds. Seventeen public hospitals (58.6%) had PGx testing programs. The hospitals that did not offer PGx testing service had a smaller number of hospital beds and had fewer daily outpatients. Conclusion: TDM is available in the vast majority of public hospitals in northern China, although mainly in tertiary hospitals. PGx testing, a newer approach, is less widely available. We recommend that more hospitals be encouraged to provide TDM and PGx testing services and more efforts be directed toward quality control, delivery of results and counseling of patients based on those results.
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spelling pubmed-85934762021-11-17 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China Zhang, Chunyan Lei, Jing Liu, Yi Wang, Yu Huang, Lin Feng, Yufei Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing are widely used as approaches to improve individualized (personalized) pharmacotherapy. Little is known about TDM and PGx testing services in China. This study is aimed to describe the TDM and PGx testing services in northern China, and to lay the foundation for improving these services. Methods: We developed an electronic survey using online software and disseminated it to 32 public hospitals in northern China from May to July 2019. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program (Ver.27.0). Results: We collected 29 of the 32 questionnaires (90.6% response rate) from public hospitals in seven provinces of northern China. Twenty-two public hospitals (76%) utilized TDM; immune suppressants, antiepileptic drugs and anti-infective drugs were the main drugs monitored. The hospitals that did not provide TDM service were traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and hospitals with a smaller number of hospital beds. Seventeen public hospitals (58.6%) had PGx testing programs. The hospitals that did not offer PGx testing service had a smaller number of hospital beds and had fewer daily outpatients. Conclusion: TDM is available in the vast majority of public hospitals in northern China, although mainly in tertiary hospitals. PGx testing, a newer approach, is less widely available. We recommend that more hospitals be encouraged to provide TDM and PGx testing services and more efforts be directed toward quality control, delivery of results and counseling of patients based on those results. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8593476/ /pubmed/34795589 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.754380 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Lei, Liu, Wang, Huang and Feng. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Zhang, Chunyan
Lei, Jing
Liu, Yi
Wang, Yu
Huang, Lin
Feng, Yufei
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
title Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
title_full Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
title_fullStr Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
title_full_unstemmed Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
title_short Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenetic Testing in Northern China
title_sort therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacogenetic testing in northern china
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593476/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34795589
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.754380
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