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Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice

Early gastric cancers (EGCs) are defined as gastric cancers confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of regional lymph node metastasis. The proportion of EGCs has been increasing due to the increase in screening endoscopy for gastric cancers; therefore, the paradigm shift from surgical resect...

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Autor principal: Kim, Gwang Ha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33790057
http://dx.doi.org/10.5009/gnl20318
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author Kim, Gwang Ha
author_facet Kim, Gwang Ha
author_sort Kim, Gwang Ha
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description Early gastric cancers (EGCs) are defined as gastric cancers confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of regional lymph node metastasis. The proportion of EGCs has been increasing due to the increase in screening endoscopy for gastric cancers; therefore, the paradigm shift from surgical resection to endoscopic resection as a treatment modality for selected EGCs is accelerating. For successful endoscopic resection of EGCs, it is important to detect EGCs at an early stage and to accurately predict the histological type, depth of invasion, and horizontal margins of the tumor. The diagnostic process of EGCs can be divided into three steps: presence diagnosis, qualitative diagnosis, and quantitative diagnosis. The presence diagnosis of EGCs is mainly based on two endoscopic findings: a well-demarcated lesion and irregularity in the color/surface pattern. Qualitative diagnosis refers to the prediction of histological type, which is mainly possible based on the macroscopic shape and color of the lesion. Quantitative diagnosis of EGCs consists of predicting the depth of invasion by detailed examination of the macroscopic morphology and determining horizontal margins using chromoendoscopy. Although advanced diagnostic modalities, such as endosonography or magnifying endoscopy, are helpful for the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of EGCs, these modalities are not available in most hospitals. Therefore, it is still very important to evaluate EGCs systematically during conventional endoscopy for successful endoscopic treatment.
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spelling pubmed-85935112021-12-01 Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice Kim, Gwang Ha Gut Liver Review Early gastric cancers (EGCs) are defined as gastric cancers confined to the mucosa or submucosa, regardless of regional lymph node metastasis. The proportion of EGCs has been increasing due to the increase in screening endoscopy for gastric cancers; therefore, the paradigm shift from surgical resection to endoscopic resection as a treatment modality for selected EGCs is accelerating. For successful endoscopic resection of EGCs, it is important to detect EGCs at an early stage and to accurately predict the histological type, depth of invasion, and horizontal margins of the tumor. The diagnostic process of EGCs can be divided into three steps: presence diagnosis, qualitative diagnosis, and quantitative diagnosis. The presence diagnosis of EGCs is mainly based on two endoscopic findings: a well-demarcated lesion and irregularity in the color/surface pattern. Qualitative diagnosis refers to the prediction of histological type, which is mainly possible based on the macroscopic shape and color of the lesion. Quantitative diagnosis of EGCs consists of predicting the depth of invasion by detailed examination of the macroscopic morphology and determining horizontal margins using chromoendoscopy. Although advanced diagnostic modalities, such as endosonography or magnifying endoscopy, are helpful for the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of EGCs, these modalities are not available in most hospitals. Therefore, it is still very important to evaluate EGCs systematically during conventional endoscopy for successful endoscopic treatment. Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2021-11-15 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8593511/ /pubmed/33790057 http://dx.doi.org/10.5009/gnl20318 Text en Copyright © Gut and Liver. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Kim, Gwang Ha
Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice
title Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice
title_full Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice
title_fullStr Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice
title_full_unstemmed Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice
title_short Systematic Endoscopic Approach to Early Gastric Cancer in Clinical Practice
title_sort systematic endoscopic approach to early gastric cancer in clinical practice
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593511/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33790057
http://dx.doi.org/10.5009/gnl20318
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