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Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation

OBJECTIVE: Among non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly in the new millennium. The increase of allergic diseases is linked to the changing environment of infants. METHODS: This narrative review summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the 8(...

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Autores principales: Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Fleddermann, Manja, Hornef, Mathias, von Mutius, Erika, Pabst, Oliver, Schaubeck, Monika, Fiocchi, Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: World Allergy Organization 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34820047
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100591
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author Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
Fleddermann, Manja
Hornef, Mathias
von Mutius, Erika
Pabst, Oliver
Schaubeck, Monika
Fiocchi, Alessandro
author_facet Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
Fleddermann, Manja
Hornef, Mathias
von Mutius, Erika
Pabst, Oliver
Schaubeck, Monika
Fiocchi, Alessandro
author_sort Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Among non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly in the new millennium. The increase of allergic diseases is linked to the changing environment of infants. METHODS: This narrative review summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the 8(th) Human Milk Workshop. Information from the fields of pediatrics, epidemiology, biology, microbiology, and immunology are summarized to establish a framework describing potential avenues for the prevention of allergic diseases in the future. RESULTS: Several environmental circumstances are linked to the development of allergic diseases. While cesarean section is increasing the risk of allergies, early childhood exposure to a farm environment has a protective effect. From their analysis, nutritive and non-nutritive factors influencing the allergy risk in later life have been identified. The effect of breastfeeding on food allergy development is non-univocal. Human milk components including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and prebiotics have been indicated as important for allergy prevention. CONCLUSION: Many factors linked to the western lifestyle have been associated with the development of allergic diseases. This suggests several theories that may serve as a basis for new protective interventions. While it is indubitable that mother's milk protects from infectious diseases, its role in the prevention of allergic diseases is to be elucidated.
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spelling pubmed-85936592021-11-23 Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation Annesi-Maesano, Isabella Fleddermann, Manja Hornef, Mathias von Mutius, Erika Pabst, Oliver Schaubeck, Monika Fiocchi, Alessandro World Allergy Organ J Article OBJECTIVE: Among non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased significantly in the new millennium. The increase of allergic diseases is linked to the changing environment of infants. METHODS: This narrative review summarizes the discussions and conclusions from the 8(th) Human Milk Workshop. Information from the fields of pediatrics, epidemiology, biology, microbiology, and immunology are summarized to establish a framework describing potential avenues for the prevention of allergic diseases in the future. RESULTS: Several environmental circumstances are linked to the development of allergic diseases. While cesarean section is increasing the risk of allergies, early childhood exposure to a farm environment has a protective effect. From their analysis, nutritive and non-nutritive factors influencing the allergy risk in later life have been identified. The effect of breastfeeding on food allergy development is non-univocal. Human milk components including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and prebiotics have been indicated as important for allergy prevention. CONCLUSION: Many factors linked to the western lifestyle have been associated with the development of allergic diseases. This suggests several theories that may serve as a basis for new protective interventions. While it is indubitable that mother's milk protects from infectious diseases, its role in the prevention of allergic diseases is to be elucidated. World Allergy Organization 2021-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8593659/ /pubmed/34820047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100591 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Annesi-Maesano, Isabella
Fleddermann, Manja
Hornef, Mathias
von Mutius, Erika
Pabst, Oliver
Schaubeck, Monika
Fiocchi, Alessandro
Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation
title Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation
title_full Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation
title_fullStr Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation
title_full_unstemmed Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation
title_short Allergic diseases in infancy: I - Epidemiology and current interpretation
title_sort allergic diseases in infancy: i - epidemiology and current interpretation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34820047
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100591
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