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Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey

A recognised imbalance of power exists between athletes and sporting institutions. Recent cases of systemic athlete abuse demonstrate the relationship between power disparities and harassment and abuse in sport. Embedding human rights principles into sporting institutions is a critical step towards...

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Autores principales: Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A, Goutos, Demetri, Ramia, Ioana, Galea, Natalie R, Mountjoy, Margo, Grimm, Katharina, Bekker, Sheree
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34824866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001186
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author Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A
Goutos, Demetri
Ramia, Ioana
Galea, Natalie R
Mountjoy, Margo
Grimm, Katharina
Bekker, Sheree
author_facet Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A
Goutos, Demetri
Ramia, Ioana
Galea, Natalie R
Mountjoy, Margo
Grimm, Katharina
Bekker, Sheree
author_sort Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A
collection PubMed
description A recognised imbalance of power exists between athletes and sporting institutions. Recent cases of systemic athlete abuse demonstrate the relationship between power disparities and harassment and abuse in sport. Embedding human rights principles into sporting institutions is a critical step towards preventing harassment and abuse in sport. In 2017, the World Players Association (WPA) launched the Universal Declaration of Player Rights. A year later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) developed their Athletes’ Rights and Responsibilities Declaration. These two documents codify benchmarks ‘for international sporting organisations to meet their obligations to protect, respect and guarantee the fundamental rights of players’. This paper is the first project exploring athletes’ knowledge, understanding and awareness of rights in the sports context. This study presents the development and validation of a survey investigating athletes’ knowledge of these declarations, associated attitudes/beliefs and understanding of how these rights can be enacted in practice. The survey includes 10 statements of athlete rights based on the WPA and IOC declarations. Face validation was assessed by distributing the survey to 10 athletes and conducting qualitative interviews with a subgroup of four athletes. The survey was reworked into 13 statements, and the tool was validated with 611 responses through confirmatory factor analysis. Key findings include a weak correlation between athletes’ knowledge and their attitudes/beliefs, and challenges with the interpretation of words such as ‘pressure,’ ‘violence,’ ‘harassment’ and ‘intimidation.’ This validation puts forward the first survey instrument to directly test athletes’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about rights in sport.
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spelling pubmed-85937162021-11-24 Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A Goutos, Demetri Ramia, Ioana Galea, Natalie R Mountjoy, Margo Grimm, Katharina Bekker, Sheree BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Protocol A recognised imbalance of power exists between athletes and sporting institutions. Recent cases of systemic athlete abuse demonstrate the relationship between power disparities and harassment and abuse in sport. Embedding human rights principles into sporting institutions is a critical step towards preventing harassment and abuse in sport. In 2017, the World Players Association (WPA) launched the Universal Declaration of Player Rights. A year later, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) developed their Athletes’ Rights and Responsibilities Declaration. These two documents codify benchmarks ‘for international sporting organisations to meet their obligations to protect, respect and guarantee the fundamental rights of players’. This paper is the first project exploring athletes’ knowledge, understanding and awareness of rights in the sports context. This study presents the development and validation of a survey investigating athletes’ knowledge of these declarations, associated attitudes/beliefs and understanding of how these rights can be enacted in practice. The survey includes 10 statements of athlete rights based on the WPA and IOC declarations. Face validation was assessed by distributing the survey to 10 athletes and conducting qualitative interviews with a subgroup of four athletes. The survey was reworked into 13 statements, and the tool was validated with 611 responses through confirmatory factor analysis. Key findings include a weak correlation between athletes’ knowledge and their attitudes/beliefs, and challenges with the interpretation of words such as ‘pressure,’ ‘violence,’ ‘harassment’ and ‘intimidation.’ This validation puts forward the first survey instrument to directly test athletes’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about rights in sport. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8593716/ /pubmed/34824866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001186 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Protocol
Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A
Goutos, Demetri
Ramia, Ioana
Galea, Natalie R
Mountjoy, Margo
Grimm, Katharina
Bekker, Sheree
Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
title Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
title_full Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
title_fullStr Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
title_short Development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
title_sort development and validation of the athletes’ rights survey
topic Protocol
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8593716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34824866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001186
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