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Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes
OBJECTIVE: To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pre...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8595010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34795845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9970627 |
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author | Fragoso, Marilene Brandão Tenório Ferreira, Raphaela Costa Tenório, Micaely Cristina dos Santos Moura, Fabiana Andréa de Araújo, Orlando Roberto Pimentel Bueno, Nassib Bezerra Goulart, Marília Oliveira Fonseca de Oliveira, Alane Cabral Menezes |
author_facet | Fragoso, Marilene Brandão Tenório Ferreira, Raphaela Costa Tenório, Micaely Cristina dos Santos Moura, Fabiana Andréa de Araújo, Orlando Roberto Pimentel Bueno, Nassib Bezerra Goulart, Marília Oliveira Fonseca de Oliveira, Alane Cabral Menezes |
author_sort | Fragoso, Marilene Brandão Tenório |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. RESULTS: One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p ≤ 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p = 0.016), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.028) and lower levels of IL-6 (p = 0.030) and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.001) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8595010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85950102021-11-17 Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes Fragoso, Marilene Brandão Tenório Ferreira, Raphaela Costa Tenório, Micaely Cristina dos Santos Moura, Fabiana Andréa de Araújo, Orlando Roberto Pimentel Bueno, Nassib Bezerra Goulart, Marília Oliveira Fonseca de Oliveira, Alane Cabral Menezes Oxid Med Cell Longev Research Article OBJECTIVE: To compare redox imbalance and inflammation biomarkers in umbilical cords from pregnancies with and without preeclampsia (PE) and to analyse their relationships with perinatal outcomes. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, that involved pregnant women with PE and a group of women without the disease, through the application of a standardized questionnaire. After delivery, umbilical cord samples were collected to measure antioxidant defense, products from oxidative damage, and inflammation biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 13.0 software and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0, adopting a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05), with the chi-square test, the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, and the multinomial and Poisson regression tests. RESULTS: One hundred PE pregnant women and 50 women without the disease were studied. The umbilical cords from PE pregnancies showed higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) (p ≤ 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p = 0.016), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p = 0.028) and lower levels of IL-6 (p = 0.030) and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.001) than the other group, with some associations among these biomarkers with perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: The higher levels of GSH and GPx, in addition to the lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, found in the PE umbilical cord, may result from adaptive mechanisms to maintain the oxidative and inflammatory balance; however, despite these changes, the damage to the cell membranes was not minimized, as the MDA level was higher in women with PE than in women without the disease. This implies that a redox imbalance is present, confirming that other physiological and adaptive mechanisms are being activated to preserve foetal health. Therefore, the present work unveils an important role of the umbilical cord in controlling redox imbalance and inflammation in PE pregnancies. Our results reinforce the necessity for continuous research on GSH as a protective compound for the perinatal outcome, especially in PE women. Hindawi 2021-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8595010/ /pubmed/34795845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9970627 Text en Copyright © 2021 Marilene Brandão Tenório Fragoso et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Fragoso, Marilene Brandão Tenório Ferreira, Raphaela Costa Tenório, Micaely Cristina dos Santos Moura, Fabiana Andréa de Araújo, Orlando Roberto Pimentel Bueno, Nassib Bezerra Goulart, Marília Oliveira Fonseca de Oliveira, Alane Cabral Menezes Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes |
title | Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes |
title_full | Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes |
title_fullStr | Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes |
title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes |
title_short | Biomarkers of Inflammation and Redox Imbalance in Umbilical Cord in Pregnancies with and without Preeclampsia and Consequent Perinatal Outcomes |
title_sort | biomarkers of inflammation and redox imbalance in umbilical cord in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia and consequent perinatal outcomes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8595010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34795845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9970627 |
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