Cargando…

The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted that individuals with behavioural risk factors commonly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as smoking, harmful alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity, are more likely to experience severe symptoms from COVID-1...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wood, Sara, Harrison, Sophie E., Judd, Natasha, Bellis, Mark A., Hughes, Karen, Jones, Andrew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34789209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12148-y
_version_ 1784600344761729024
author Wood, Sara
Harrison, Sophie E.
Judd, Natasha
Bellis, Mark A.
Hughes, Karen
Jones, Andrew
author_facet Wood, Sara
Harrison, Sophie E.
Judd, Natasha
Bellis, Mark A.
Hughes, Karen
Jones, Andrew
author_sort Wood, Sara
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted that individuals with behavioural risk factors commonly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as smoking, harmful alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity, are more likely to experience severe symptoms from COVID-19. These risk factors have been shown to increase the risk of NCDs, but less is known about their broader influence on communicable diseases. Taking a wide focus on a range of common communicable diseases, this review aimed to synthesise research examining the impact of behavioural risk factors commonly associated with NCDs on risks of contracting, or having more severe outcomes from, communicable diseases. METHODS: Literature searches identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the association between behavioural risk factors (alcohol, smoking, illicit drug use, physical inactivity, obesity and poor diet) and the contraction/severity of common communicable diseases, including infection or associated pathogens. An a priori, prospectively registered protocol was followed (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020223890). RESULTS: Fifty-three systematic reviews were included, of which 36 were also meta-analyses. Reviews focused on: tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, invasive bacterial diseases, pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. Twenty-one reviews examined the association between behavioural risk factors and communicable disease contraction and 35 examined their association with communicable disease outcomes (three examined their association with both contraction and outcomes). Fifty out of 53 reviews (94%) concluded that at least one of the behavioural risk factors studied increased the risk of contracting or experiencing worse health outcomes from a communicable disease. Across all reviews, effect sizes, where calculated, ranged from 0.83 to 8.22. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural risk factors play a significant role in the risk of contracting and experiencing more severe outcomes from communicable diseases. Prevention of communicable diseases is likely to be most successful if it involves the prevention of behavioural risk factors commonly associated with NCDs. These findings are important for understanding risks associated with communicable disease, and timely, given the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for improvements in future pandemic preparedness. Addressing behavioural risk factors should be an important part of work to build resilience against any emerging and future epidemics and pandemics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12148-y.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8596356
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-85963562021-11-17 The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews Wood, Sara Harrison, Sophie E. Judd, Natasha Bellis, Mark A. Hughes, Karen Jones, Andrew BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted that individuals with behavioural risk factors commonly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as smoking, harmful alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity, are more likely to experience severe symptoms from COVID-19. These risk factors have been shown to increase the risk of NCDs, but less is known about their broader influence on communicable diseases. Taking a wide focus on a range of common communicable diseases, this review aimed to synthesise research examining the impact of behavioural risk factors commonly associated with NCDs on risks of contracting, or having more severe outcomes from, communicable diseases. METHODS: Literature searches identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the association between behavioural risk factors (alcohol, smoking, illicit drug use, physical inactivity, obesity and poor diet) and the contraction/severity of common communicable diseases, including infection or associated pathogens. An a priori, prospectively registered protocol was followed (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020223890). RESULTS: Fifty-three systematic reviews were included, of which 36 were also meta-analyses. Reviews focused on: tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, invasive bacterial diseases, pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. Twenty-one reviews examined the association between behavioural risk factors and communicable disease contraction and 35 examined their association with communicable disease outcomes (three examined their association with both contraction and outcomes). Fifty out of 53 reviews (94%) concluded that at least one of the behavioural risk factors studied increased the risk of contracting or experiencing worse health outcomes from a communicable disease. Across all reviews, effect sizes, where calculated, ranged from 0.83 to 8.22. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural risk factors play a significant role in the risk of contracting and experiencing more severe outcomes from communicable diseases. Prevention of communicable diseases is likely to be most successful if it involves the prevention of behavioural risk factors commonly associated with NCDs. These findings are important for understanding risks associated with communicable disease, and timely, given the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for improvements in future pandemic preparedness. Addressing behavioural risk factors should be an important part of work to build resilience against any emerging and future epidemics and pandemics. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12148-y. BioMed Central 2021-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8596356/ /pubmed/34789209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12148-y Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wood, Sara
Harrison, Sophie E.
Judd, Natasha
Bellis, Mark A.
Hughes, Karen
Jones, Andrew
The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
title The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
title_full The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
title_fullStr The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
title_full_unstemmed The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
title_short The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
title_sort impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases: a systematic review of reviews
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8596356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34789209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12148-y
work_keys_str_mv AT woodsara theimpactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT harrisonsophiee theimpactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT juddnatasha theimpactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT bellismarka theimpactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT hugheskaren theimpactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT jonesandrew theimpactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT woodsara impactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT harrisonsophiee impactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT juddnatasha impactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT bellismarka impactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT hugheskaren impactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews
AT jonesandrew impactofbehaviouralriskfactorsoncommunicablediseasesasystematicreviewofreviews