Acetylene hydrochlorination over tin nitrogen based catalysts: effect of nitrogen carbon-dots as nitrogen precursor

The catalysts comprising the main active compounds of Sn-Nx were synthesized using trichlorophenylstannane ((C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn), nitrogen carbon-dots (NCDs), and activated carbon (AC) as starting materials, and the activity and stability of catalysts was evaluated in the acetylene hydrochlorination. According to the results on the physical and chemical properties of catalysts (TEM, XRD, BET, XPS and TG), it is concluded that NCDs@AC can increase (C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn dispersity, retard the coke deposition of (C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn/AC and lessen the loss of (C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn, thereby further promoting the stability of (C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn/AC. Based on the characterization results of C(2)H(2)-TPD and HCl adsorption experiments, we proposed that the existence of Sn-N(x) can effectively strengthen the reactants adsorption of catalysts. By combing the FT-IR, C(2)H(2)-TPD and Rideal-Eley mechanism, the catalytic mechanism, in which C(2)H(2) is firstly adsorbed on (C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn to form (C(6)H(5))Cl(3)Sn-C(2)H(2) and then reacted with HCl to produce vinyl chloride, is proposed.