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Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production

In pigs, antimicrobial use (AMU) practices vary at different production phases between herds and between countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development is linked to AMU but recognized as a multi-factorial issue, and thus, any information increasing knowledge of AMU and AMR relationships is va...

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Autores principales: Sali, Virpi, Nykäsenoja, Suvi, Heikinheimo, Annamari, Hälli, Outi, Tirkkonen, Taneli, Heinonen, Mari
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34803978
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.754894
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author Sali, Virpi
Nykäsenoja, Suvi
Heikinheimo, Annamari
Hälli, Outi
Tirkkonen, Taneli
Heinonen, Mari
author_facet Sali, Virpi
Nykäsenoja, Suvi
Heikinheimo, Annamari
Hälli, Outi
Tirkkonen, Taneli
Heinonen, Mari
author_sort Sali, Virpi
collection PubMed
description In pigs, antimicrobial use (AMU) practices vary at different production phases between herds and between countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development is linked to AMU but recognized as a multi-factorial issue, and thus, any information increasing knowledge of AMU and AMR relationships is valuable. We described AMU and screened the carriage of different AMR phenotypes of indicator Escherichia coli in 25 selected Finnish piglet-producing and finishing herds that formed nine birth-to-slaughter production lines. Moreover, we studied associations between AMU and AMR in both herd types and throughout the production line. Treatment records were obtained from the national Sikava register for 1year, and AMU was quantified as mg/PCU (population correction unit) and TIs (treatment incidences). For phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ten pen-level pooled feces samples (n=250) in each herd were collected from one room representing the oldest weaned piglets or the oldest finishing pigs. Majority of the medications (96.8%) was administered parenterally, and penicillin was the predominant antimicrobial in every herd. More different antimicrobial substances were used in piglet-producing than in finishing herds (median 5 and 1, respectively, p<0.001). As mg/PCU, sows had the highest AMU and suckling piglets had the highest TIs, whereas finishing pigs were the least treated age group. The proportion of susceptible indicator E. coli isolates of all studied isolates was 59.6%. Resistance was found most commonly against tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ampicillin, and multi-resistant (MR) isolates (46.5% of all resistant isolates) were resistant to a maximum of four different antimicrobials. Quinolone resistance was rare, and no resistance against 3rd-generation cephalosporins, meropenem, azithromycin, colistin, gentamicin, or tigecycline was detected. The main associations between AMU and AMR were found at antimicrobial group level when use was compared with the presence of AMR phenotypes. The proportion of resistant isolates was not associated with AMU, and herd size was not associated with either AMU or AMR. We suggest that the use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactams as a primary treatment option and lack of wide application of oral group medications potentially favors a good resistance pattern in integrated pork production.
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spelling pubmed-86002362021-11-19 Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production Sali, Virpi Nykäsenoja, Suvi Heikinheimo, Annamari Hälli, Outi Tirkkonen, Taneli Heinonen, Mari Front Microbiol Microbiology In pigs, antimicrobial use (AMU) practices vary at different production phases between herds and between countries. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development is linked to AMU but recognized as a multi-factorial issue, and thus, any information increasing knowledge of AMU and AMR relationships is valuable. We described AMU and screened the carriage of different AMR phenotypes of indicator Escherichia coli in 25 selected Finnish piglet-producing and finishing herds that formed nine birth-to-slaughter production lines. Moreover, we studied associations between AMU and AMR in both herd types and throughout the production line. Treatment records were obtained from the national Sikava register for 1year, and AMU was quantified as mg/PCU (population correction unit) and TIs (treatment incidences). For phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ten pen-level pooled feces samples (n=250) in each herd were collected from one room representing the oldest weaned piglets or the oldest finishing pigs. Majority of the medications (96.8%) was administered parenterally, and penicillin was the predominant antimicrobial in every herd. More different antimicrobial substances were used in piglet-producing than in finishing herds (median 5 and 1, respectively, p<0.001). As mg/PCU, sows had the highest AMU and suckling piglets had the highest TIs, whereas finishing pigs were the least treated age group. The proportion of susceptible indicator E. coli isolates of all studied isolates was 59.6%. Resistance was found most commonly against tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and ampicillin, and multi-resistant (MR) isolates (46.5% of all resistant isolates) were resistant to a maximum of four different antimicrobials. Quinolone resistance was rare, and no resistance against 3rd-generation cephalosporins, meropenem, azithromycin, colistin, gentamicin, or tigecycline was detected. The main associations between AMU and AMR were found at antimicrobial group level when use was compared with the presence of AMR phenotypes. The proportion of resistant isolates was not associated with AMU, and herd size was not associated with either AMU or AMR. We suggest that the use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactams as a primary treatment option and lack of wide application of oral group medications potentially favors a good resistance pattern in integrated pork production. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8600236/ /pubmed/34803978 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.754894 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sali, Nykäsenoja, Heikinheimo, Hälli, Tirkkonen and Heinonen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Sali, Virpi
Nykäsenoja, Suvi
Heikinheimo, Annamari
Hälli, Outi
Tirkkonen, Taneli
Heinonen, Mari
Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_full Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_short Antimicrobial Use and Susceptibility of Indicator Escherichia coli in Finnish Integrated Pork Production
title_sort antimicrobial use and susceptibility of indicator escherichia coli in finnish integrated pork production
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34803978
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.754894
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