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Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases
Efferocytosis, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells performed by both specialized phagocytes (such as macrophages) and non-specialized phagocytes (such as epithelial cells), is involved in tissue repair and homeostasis. Effective efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis, terminates inflammatory resp...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
D.A. Spandidos
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600411/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34779503 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12529 |
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author | Zhang, Yifan Wang, Yiru Ding, Jie Liu, Ping |
author_facet | Zhang, Yifan Wang, Yiru Ding, Jie Liu, Ping |
author_sort | Zhang, Yifan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Efferocytosis, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells performed by both specialized phagocytes (such as macrophages) and non-specialized phagocytes (such as epithelial cells), is involved in tissue repair and homeostasis. Effective efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis, terminates inflammatory responses, promotes self-tolerance and activates pro-resolving pathways to maintain homeostasis. When efferocytosis is impaired, apoptotic cells that could not be cleared in time aggregate, resulting in the necrosis of apoptotic cells and release of pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, defective efferocytosis inhibits the intracellular cholesterol reverse transportation pathways, which may lead to atherosclerosis, lung damage, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative diseases. The uncleared apoptotic cells can also release autoantigens, which can cause autoimmune diseases. Cancer cells escape from phagocytosis via efferocytosis. Therefore, new treatment strategies for diseases related to defective efferocytosis are proposed. This review illustrated the mechanisms of efferocytosis in multisystem diseases and organismal homeostasis and the pathophysiological consequences of defective efferocytosis. Several drugs and treatments available to enhance efferocytosis are also mentioned in the review, serving as new evidence for clinical application. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8600411 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | D.A. Spandidos |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86004112021-11-21 Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases Zhang, Yifan Wang, Yiru Ding, Jie Liu, Ping Mol Med Rep Review Efferocytosis, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells performed by both specialized phagocytes (such as macrophages) and non-specialized phagocytes (such as epithelial cells), is involved in tissue repair and homeostasis. Effective efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis, terminates inflammatory responses, promotes self-tolerance and activates pro-resolving pathways to maintain homeostasis. When efferocytosis is impaired, apoptotic cells that could not be cleared in time aggregate, resulting in the necrosis of apoptotic cells and release of pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, defective efferocytosis inhibits the intracellular cholesterol reverse transportation pathways, which may lead to atherosclerosis, lung damage, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative diseases. The uncleared apoptotic cells can also release autoantigens, which can cause autoimmune diseases. Cancer cells escape from phagocytosis via efferocytosis. Therefore, new treatment strategies for diseases related to defective efferocytosis are proposed. This review illustrated the mechanisms of efferocytosis in multisystem diseases and organismal homeostasis and the pathophysiological consequences of defective efferocytosis. Several drugs and treatments available to enhance efferocytosis are also mentioned in the review, serving as new evidence for clinical application. D.A. Spandidos 2022-01 2021-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8600411/ /pubmed/34779503 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12529 Text en Copyright: © Zhang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Review Zhang, Yifan Wang, Yiru Ding, Jie Liu, Ping Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
title | Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
title_full | Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
title_fullStr | Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
title_short | Efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
title_sort | efferocytosis in multisystem diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600411/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34779503 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12529 |
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