Bilateral cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula with initial ocular symptom: A case report

RATIONALE: Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF) is a rare intracranial vascular malformation. Because of its complicated clinical manifestations, it is easy to miss or misdiagnose CSDAVF. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 42-year-old female had chief complaint that the right eyeball had conjunctival congestion for half a year. She was given levofloxacin eye drops to treat the right eye with anti-inflammatory treatment, but the symptoms did not improve. Cranial magnetic resonance and cerebrovascular imaging showed that the right lateral rectus muscle was slightly enlarged, the right eyeball was prominent, but there was no abnormality in the brain. DIAGNOSES: Based on clinical and imaging examinations and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), she was diagnosed as low-flow CSDAVF. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received interventional embolization with transvenous combined arterial approach using coils and Onyx liquid glue. OUTCOMES: The patient's exophthalmos and congestion symptoms were improved. CONCLUSION: DAS is the gold standard for the diagnose of CSDAVF. Intravascular embolization interventional therapy is an effective treatment for CSDAVF.