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Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview

The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it pro...

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Autores principales: Sayqal, Ali, Ahmed, Omar B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804199
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1609149
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author Sayqal, Ali
Ahmed, Omar B.
author_facet Sayqal, Ali
Ahmed, Omar B.
author_sort Sayqal, Ali
collection PubMed
description The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it provides a general overview of the role of microorganisms in the bioremediation of heavy metals in polluted environments. Advanced methods of heavy metal remediation include physicochemical and biological methods; the latter can be further classified into in situ and ex situ bioremediation. The in situ process includes bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation. Ex situ bioremediation includes land farming, composting, biopiles, and bioreactors. Bioremediation uses naturally occurring microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, and Mycobacterium. Generally, bioremediation is of very less effort, less labor intensive, cheap, ecofriendly, sustainable, and relatively easy to implement. Most of the disadvantages of bioremediation relate to the slowness and time-consumption; furthermore, the products of biodegradation sometimes become more toxic than the original compound. The performance evaluation of bioremediation might be difficult as it has no acceptable endpoint. There is a need for further studies to develop bioremediation technologies in order to find more biological solutions for bioremediation of heavy metal contamination from different environmental systems.
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spelling pubmed-86018502021-11-19 Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview Sayqal, Ali Ahmed, Omar B. Appl Bionics Biomech Review Article The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it provides a general overview of the role of microorganisms in the bioremediation of heavy metals in polluted environments. Advanced methods of heavy metal remediation include physicochemical and biological methods; the latter can be further classified into in situ and ex situ bioremediation. The in situ process includes bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation. Ex situ bioremediation includes land farming, composting, biopiles, and bioreactors. Bioremediation uses naturally occurring microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, and Mycobacterium. Generally, bioremediation is of very less effort, less labor intensive, cheap, ecofriendly, sustainable, and relatively easy to implement. Most of the disadvantages of bioremediation relate to the slowness and time-consumption; furthermore, the products of biodegradation sometimes become more toxic than the original compound. The performance evaluation of bioremediation might be difficult as it has no acceptable endpoint. There is a need for further studies to develop bioremediation technologies in order to find more biological solutions for bioremediation of heavy metal contamination from different environmental systems. Hindawi 2021-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8601850/ /pubmed/34804199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1609149 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ali Sayqal and Omar B. Ahmed. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Sayqal, Ali
Ahmed, Omar B.
Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_full Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_fullStr Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_full_unstemmed Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_short Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview
title_sort advances in heavy metal bioremediation: an overview
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804199
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1609149
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