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Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
Emerging evidence suggests that humans shape the ecology and evolution of species interactions. Islands are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance due to the fragility of their ecosystems; however, we know little about the susceptibility of species interactions to urbanization on isla...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601916/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34824787 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8236 |
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author | Rivkin, L. Ruth Johnson, Reagan A. Chaves, Jaime A. Johnson, Marc T. J. |
author_facet | Rivkin, L. Ruth Johnson, Reagan A. Chaves, Jaime A. Johnson, Marc T. J. |
author_sort | Rivkin, L. Ruth |
collection | PubMed |
description | Emerging evidence suggests that humans shape the ecology and evolution of species interactions. Islands are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance due to the fragility of their ecosystems; however, we know little about the susceptibility of species interactions to urbanization on islands. To address this gap, we studied how the earliest stages of urban development affect interactions between Darwin's finches and its key food resource, Tribulus cistoides, in three towns on the Galápagos Islands. We measured variation in mericarp predation rates, mericarp morphology, and finch community composition using population surveys, experimental manipulations, and finch observations conducted in habitats within and outside of each town. We found that both seed and mericarp removal rates were higher in towns than natural habitats. We also found that selection on mericarp size and defense differed between habitats in the survey and experimental populations and that towns supported smaller and less diverse finch communities than natural habitats. Together, our results suggest that even moderate levels of urbanization can alter ecological interactions between Darwin's finches and T. cistoides, leading to modified natural selection on T. cistoides populations. Our study demonstrates that trophic interactions on islands may be susceptible to the anthropogenic disturbance associated with urbanization. Despite containing the highest diversity in the world, studies of urbanization are lacking from the tropics. Our study identified signatures of urbanization on species interactions in a tropical island ecosystem and suggests that changes to the ecology of species interactions has the potential to alter evolution in urban environments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8601916 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86019162021-11-24 Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands Rivkin, L. Ruth Johnson, Reagan A. Chaves, Jaime A. Johnson, Marc T. J. Ecol Evol Research Articles Emerging evidence suggests that humans shape the ecology and evolution of species interactions. Islands are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance due to the fragility of their ecosystems; however, we know little about the susceptibility of species interactions to urbanization on islands. To address this gap, we studied how the earliest stages of urban development affect interactions between Darwin's finches and its key food resource, Tribulus cistoides, in three towns on the Galápagos Islands. We measured variation in mericarp predation rates, mericarp morphology, and finch community composition using population surveys, experimental manipulations, and finch observations conducted in habitats within and outside of each town. We found that both seed and mericarp removal rates were higher in towns than natural habitats. We also found that selection on mericarp size and defense differed between habitats in the survey and experimental populations and that towns supported smaller and less diverse finch communities than natural habitats. Together, our results suggest that even moderate levels of urbanization can alter ecological interactions between Darwin's finches and T. cistoides, leading to modified natural selection on T. cistoides populations. Our study demonstrates that trophic interactions on islands may be susceptible to the anthropogenic disturbance associated with urbanization. Despite containing the highest diversity in the world, studies of urbanization are lacking from the tropics. Our study identified signatures of urbanization on species interactions in a tropical island ecosystem and suggests that changes to the ecology of species interactions has the potential to alter evolution in urban environments. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8601916/ /pubmed/34824787 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8236 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Rivkin, L. Ruth Johnson, Reagan A. Chaves, Jaime A. Johnson, Marc T. J. Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands |
title | Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands |
title_full | Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands |
title_fullStr | Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands |
title_full_unstemmed | Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands |
title_short | Urbanization alters interactions between Darwin's finches and Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands |
title_sort | urbanization alters interactions between darwin's finches and tribulus cistoides on the galápagos islands |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601916/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34824787 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8236 |
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