Dissociated Responses in Patients with Metastatic Solid Tumors Treated with Immunotherapy

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve overall survival. Atypical patterns of response have been reported, including dissociated response (DR). We evaluated the prevalence of DR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients had to have a baseline computed tomography (CT) scan and at least one follow-up CT scan and two target lesions (TLs). Three types of DR were evaluated using RECIST1.1: DR1, defined as at least one progressive and one responding TL; DR2, defined as at least one progressive and one stable TL; and DR3, defined as at least one stable and one responding TL. RESULTS: A total of 1244 measurements of 272 TLs were performed in 100 patients. Forty-nine out of the 272 TLs (18%) had received old or recent radiotherapy, and 42 (15%) had been biopsied. An objective response was observed in 22 patients (22%) and on 52 TLs (19%). DR1 were observed in 8% of patients. At the tumor measurement level, the response rate was lower in the case of prior radiotherapy (29% vs 34%, p = 0.01) and higher in the case of prior biopsy (40% vs 32%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A DR was observed in 8% of patients. Response rate was lower in the case of prior radiotherapy and higher in the case of prior biopsy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40268-021-00362-3.