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Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes
INTRODUCTION: Studies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether the...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602846/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34803922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.761397 |
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author | Yang, Kun Liu, Wenxian |
author_facet | Yang, Kun Liu, Wenxian |
author_sort | Yang, Kun |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Studies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the relationship between IR [evaluated by triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index)] and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hypertensive patients without diabetes. METHODS: This was a post-hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We explored the relationship between TyG index and MACEs by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions and two-piecewise linear regression models. The primary endpoint was MACEs, same as SPRINT, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or death from cardiovascular causes. We used multiple adjustment models for all regressions. RESULTS: A total of 9,323 patients from the SPRINT were included in our analysis. TyG index was significantly related to the risk of MACEs in every adjusted model. Each 1 unit increase in TyG index increased the risk of MACEs in total participants (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20–1.64; P<0.01) and men (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71; P=0.02). However, TyG index was not associated with MACEs among female hypertensive patients (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.97–1.82; P=0.0776). There was no interaction between the sex and TyG index (P for interaction= 0.73). We also used the two-stage linear regression model and did not find any threshold effect. There was no significant interaction in other confounders. CONCLUSION: We found the TyG index was associated with MACEs in the hypertensive patients, and there was no gender difference between the TyG index and MACEs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8602846 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86028462021-11-20 Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes Yang, Kun Liu, Wenxian Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology INTRODUCTION: Studies from recent decades have suggested that women have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than men due to their characteristics, but hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia caused by IR (insulin resistance) might reverse this gender-protective effect. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the relationship between IR [evaluated by triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index)] and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hypertensive patients without diabetes. METHODS: This was a post-hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). We explored the relationship between TyG index and MACEs by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions and two-piecewise linear regression models. The primary endpoint was MACEs, same as SPRINT, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or death from cardiovascular causes. We used multiple adjustment models for all regressions. RESULTS: A total of 9,323 patients from the SPRINT were included in our analysis. TyG index was significantly related to the risk of MACEs in every adjusted model. Each 1 unit increase in TyG index increased the risk of MACEs in total participants (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20–1.64; P<0.01) and men (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.18–1.71; P=0.02). However, TyG index was not associated with MACEs among female hypertensive patients (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.97–1.82; P=0.0776). There was no interaction between the sex and TyG index (P for interaction= 0.73). We also used the two-stage linear regression model and did not find any threshold effect. There was no significant interaction in other confounders. CONCLUSION: We found the TyG index was associated with MACEs in the hypertensive patients, and there was no gender difference between the TyG index and MACEs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8602846/ /pubmed/34803922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.761397 Text en Copyright © 2021 Yang and Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Yang, Kun Liu, Wenxian Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes |
title | Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes |
title_full | Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes |
title_fullStr | Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed | Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes |
title_short | Triglyceride and Glucose Index and Sex Differences in Relation to Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients Without Diabetes |
title_sort | triglyceride and glucose index and sex differences in relation to major adverse cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients without diabetes |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602846/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34803922 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.761397 |
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