Cargando…

In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia

The zoonotic disease leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. With the advancement of studies in leptospirosis, several new species are being reported. It has always been a query, whether Leptospira species, serovars, and strains isolated from different geographical loc...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Philip, Noraini, Jani, Jaeyres, Azhari, Nurul Natasya, Sekawi, Zamberi, Neela, Vasantha Kumari
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34803975
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.753328
_version_ 1784601665608876032
author Philip, Noraini
Jani, Jaeyres
Azhari, Nurul Natasya
Sekawi, Zamberi
Neela, Vasantha Kumari
author_facet Philip, Noraini
Jani, Jaeyres
Azhari, Nurul Natasya
Sekawi, Zamberi
Neela, Vasantha Kumari
author_sort Philip, Noraini
collection PubMed
description The zoonotic disease leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. With the advancement of studies in leptospirosis, several new species are being reported. It has always been a query, whether Leptospira species, serovars, and strains isolated from different geographical locations contribute to the difference in the disease presentations and severity. In an epidemiological surveillance study performed in Malaysia, we isolated seven novel intermediate and saprophytic species (Leptospira semungkisensis, Leptospira fletcheri, Leptospira langatensis, Leptospira selangorensis, Leptospira jelokensis, Leptospira perdikensis, Leptospira congkakensis) from environments and three pathogenic species from rodents (Leptospira borgpetersenii strain HP364, Leptospira weilii strain SC295, Leptospira interrogans strain HP358) trapped in human leptospirosis outbreak premises. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of these isolates, we performed an in vivo and in silico virulence analysis. Environmental isolates and strain HP364 did not induce any clinical manifestations in hamsters. Strain SC295 caused inactivity and weight loss with histopathological changes in kidneys, however, all hamsters survived until the end of the experiment. Strain HP358 showed a high virulent phenotype as all infected hamsters died or were moribund within 7 days postinfection. Lungs, liver, and kidneys showed pathological changes with hemorrhage as the main presentation. In silico analysis elucidated the genome size of strain HP358 to be larger than strains HP364 and SC295 and containing virulence genes reported in Leptospira species and a high number of specific putative virulence factors. In conclusion, L. interrogans strain HP358 was highly pathogenic with fatal outcome. The constituent of Leptospira genomes may determine the level of disease severity and that needs further investigations.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8602918
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86029182021-11-20 In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia Philip, Noraini Jani, Jaeyres Azhari, Nurul Natasya Sekawi, Zamberi Neela, Vasantha Kumari Front Microbiol Microbiology The zoonotic disease leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. With the advancement of studies in leptospirosis, several new species are being reported. It has always been a query, whether Leptospira species, serovars, and strains isolated from different geographical locations contribute to the difference in the disease presentations and severity. In an epidemiological surveillance study performed in Malaysia, we isolated seven novel intermediate and saprophytic species (Leptospira semungkisensis, Leptospira fletcheri, Leptospira langatensis, Leptospira selangorensis, Leptospira jelokensis, Leptospira perdikensis, Leptospira congkakensis) from environments and three pathogenic species from rodents (Leptospira borgpetersenii strain HP364, Leptospira weilii strain SC295, Leptospira interrogans strain HP358) trapped in human leptospirosis outbreak premises. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of these isolates, we performed an in vivo and in silico virulence analysis. Environmental isolates and strain HP364 did not induce any clinical manifestations in hamsters. Strain SC295 caused inactivity and weight loss with histopathological changes in kidneys, however, all hamsters survived until the end of the experiment. Strain HP358 showed a high virulent phenotype as all infected hamsters died or were moribund within 7 days postinfection. Lungs, liver, and kidneys showed pathological changes with hemorrhage as the main presentation. In silico analysis elucidated the genome size of strain HP358 to be larger than strains HP364 and SC295 and containing virulence genes reported in Leptospira species and a high number of specific putative virulence factors. In conclusion, L. interrogans strain HP358 was highly pathogenic with fatal outcome. The constituent of Leptospira genomes may determine the level of disease severity and that needs further investigations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8602918/ /pubmed/34803975 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.753328 Text en Copyright © 2021 Philip, Jani, Azhari, Sekawi and Neela. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Philip, Noraini
Jani, Jaeyres
Azhari, Nurul Natasya
Sekawi, Zamberi
Neela, Vasantha Kumari
In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia
title In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia
title_full In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia
title_fullStr In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia
title_short In vivo and in silico Virulence Analysis of Leptospira Species Isolated From Environments and Rodents in Leptospirosis Outbreak Areas in Malaysia
title_sort in vivo and in silico virulence analysis of leptospira species isolated from environments and rodents in leptospirosis outbreak areas in malaysia
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602918/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34803975
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.753328
work_keys_str_mv AT philipnoraini invivoandinsilicovirulenceanalysisofleptospiraspeciesisolatedfromenvironmentsandrodentsinleptospirosisoutbreakareasinmalaysia
AT janijaeyres invivoandinsilicovirulenceanalysisofleptospiraspeciesisolatedfromenvironmentsandrodentsinleptospirosisoutbreakareasinmalaysia
AT azharinurulnatasya invivoandinsilicovirulenceanalysisofleptospiraspeciesisolatedfromenvironmentsandrodentsinleptospirosisoutbreakareasinmalaysia
AT sekawizamberi invivoandinsilicovirulenceanalysisofleptospiraspeciesisolatedfromenvironmentsandrodentsinleptospirosisoutbreakareasinmalaysia
AT neelavasanthakumari invivoandinsilicovirulenceanalysisofleptospiraspeciesisolatedfromenvironmentsandrodentsinleptospirosisoutbreakareasinmalaysia