Cargando…
Exercise training in heart transplantation
Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure (HF). Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-servi...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603635/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34868897 http://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v11.i11.466 |
_version_ | 1784601800176828416 |
---|---|
author | Kourek, Christos Karatzanos, Eleftherios Nanas, Serafim Karabinis, Andreas Dimopoulos, Stavros |
author_facet | Kourek, Christos Karatzanos, Eleftherios Nanas, Serafim Karabinis, Andreas Dimopoulos, Stavros |
author_sort | Kourek, Christos |
collection | PubMed |
description | Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure (HF). Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service. Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers, enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference, leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients. Exercise training improves exercise capacity, cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients. Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia. All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge. Moreover, all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider. Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training, especially in stable transplant patients, individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach. Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients. However, long-term follow-up data is incomplete and, therefore, further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8603635 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86036352021-12-02 Exercise training in heart transplantation Kourek, Christos Karatzanos, Eleftherios Nanas, Serafim Karabinis, Andreas Dimopoulos, Stavros World J Transplant Minireviews Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure (HF). Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service. Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers, enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference, leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients. Exercise training improves exercise capacity, cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients. Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia. All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge. Moreover, all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider. Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training, especially in stable transplant patients, individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach. Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients. However, long-term follow-up data is incomplete and, therefore, further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021-11-18 2021-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8603635/ /pubmed/34868897 http://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v11.i11.466 Text en ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Minireviews Kourek, Christos Karatzanos, Eleftherios Nanas, Serafim Karabinis, Andreas Dimopoulos, Stavros Exercise training in heart transplantation |
title | Exercise training in heart transplantation |
title_full | Exercise training in heart transplantation |
title_fullStr | Exercise training in heart transplantation |
title_full_unstemmed | Exercise training in heart transplantation |
title_short | Exercise training in heart transplantation |
title_sort | exercise training in heart transplantation |
topic | Minireviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603635/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34868897 http://dx.doi.org/10.5500/wjt.v11.i11.466 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kourekchristos exercisetraininginhearttransplantation AT karatzanoseleftherios exercisetraininginhearttransplantation AT nanasserafim exercisetraininginhearttransplantation AT karabinisandreas exercisetraininginhearttransplantation AT dimopoulosstavros exercisetraininginhearttransplantation |