Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcome in The West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Regional State, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-control Study

INTRODUCTION: Adverse birth outcome (ABO) can lead to higher rates of poor health and infection for newborns, as well as long-term neurological and health problems. Hence, the aim is to identify determinants of ABOs among mothers who gave birth in hospitals in West Shewa zone, Ethiopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based, unmatched, case-control study was conducted from March 5 to July 29, 2020, among 591 mothers (171 cases and 420 controls) who had given birth in hospitals found in West Shewa zone. The questionnaire was collected using census and survey processing system (CS-Pro) version 7.1. The data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS software version 23. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Finally, P-value <0.05 was used to declare and include variables with statistically significant in predicting the outcome variable. RESULT: On multivariate analysis, urban residence (AOR=0.65, 95%, CI=0.43–0.98), lack of family support during child bearing (AOR =5.24, 95% CI=3.16–8.71), pregnancy type (AOR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.47–6.52), short interpregnancy interval (AOR = 1.43,95% CI= 1.23–4.48), less than four antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR =1.80,95%CI: 1.17–2.78), and having current obstetric complication (AOR=2.07, 95% CI =1.18–3.61) were significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Residence, lack of family support during childbearing, pregnancy type, short inter-pregnancy interval, having current obstetric complications, and number of ANC visits were identified as determinants of adverse birth outcome. Therefore, improving family support, increasing inter-pregnancy interval through family planning counselling and provision, and having the recommended ANC follow-up were recommended.