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Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia

Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in M...

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Autores principales: Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya, Ito, Satoshi, Isoda, Norikazu, Furuta, Yoshikazu, Shawa, Misheck, Norov, Natsagdorj, Lkham, Baasansuren, Enkhtuya, Jargalsaikhan, Higashi, Hideaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604359/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34797889
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260299
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author Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya
Ito, Satoshi
Isoda, Norikazu
Furuta, Yoshikazu
Shawa, Misheck
Norov, Natsagdorj
Lkham, Baasansuren
Enkhtuya, Jargalsaikhan
Higashi, Hideaki
author_facet Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya
Ito, Satoshi
Isoda, Norikazu
Furuta, Yoshikazu
Shawa, Misheck
Norov, Natsagdorj
Lkham, Baasansuren
Enkhtuya, Jargalsaikhan
Higashi, Hideaki
author_sort Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya
collection PubMed
description Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in Mongolia. Here, we analyze retrospective data (1986–2015) on the disposal sites of livestock carcasses to describe historical spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, which showed the highest anthrax incidence rate in Mongolia. From the results of spatial mean and standard deviational ellipse analyses, we found that the anthrax spatial distribution in livestock did not change over the study period, indicating a localized source of exposure. The multi-distance spatial cluster analysis showed that carcass sites distributed in the study area are clustered. Using kernel density estimation analysis on carcass sites, we identified two anthrax hotspots in low-lying areas around the south and north regions. Notably, this study disclosed a new hotspot in the northern part that emerged in the last decade of the 30-year study period. The highest proportion of cases was recorded in cattle, whose prevalence per area was highest in six districts (i.e., Murun, Chandmani-Undur, Khatgal, Ikh-Uul, Tosontsengel, and Tsagaan-Uul), suggesting that vaccination should prioritize cattle in these districts. Furthermore, size of outbreaks was influenced by the annual summer mean air temperature of Khuvsgul Province, probably by affecting the permafrost freeze-thawing activity.
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spelling pubmed-86043592021-11-20 Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya Ito, Satoshi Isoda, Norikazu Furuta, Yoshikazu Shawa, Misheck Norov, Natsagdorj Lkham, Baasansuren Enkhtuya, Jargalsaikhan Higashi, Hideaki PLoS One Research Article Anthrax is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Anthrax has long been a public health and socio-economic issue in Mongolia. Presently, there is no spatial information on carcass burial sites as a potential hazard of future anthrax outbreaks and possible risk factors associated with anthrax occurrences in Mongolia. Here, we analyze retrospective data (1986–2015) on the disposal sites of livestock carcasses to describe historical spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, which showed the highest anthrax incidence rate in Mongolia. From the results of spatial mean and standard deviational ellipse analyses, we found that the anthrax spatial distribution in livestock did not change over the study period, indicating a localized source of exposure. The multi-distance spatial cluster analysis showed that carcass sites distributed in the study area are clustered. Using kernel density estimation analysis on carcass sites, we identified two anthrax hotspots in low-lying areas around the south and north regions. Notably, this study disclosed a new hotspot in the northern part that emerged in the last decade of the 30-year study period. The highest proportion of cases was recorded in cattle, whose prevalence per area was highest in six districts (i.e., Murun, Chandmani-Undur, Khatgal, Ikh-Uul, Tosontsengel, and Tsagaan-Uul), suggesting that vaccination should prioritize cattle in these districts. Furthermore, size of outbreaks was influenced by the annual summer mean air temperature of Khuvsgul Province, probably by affecting the permafrost freeze-thawing activity. Public Library of Science 2021-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8604359/ /pubmed/34797889 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260299 Text en © 2021 Zorigt et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zorigt, Tuvshinzaya
Ito, Satoshi
Isoda, Norikazu
Furuta, Yoshikazu
Shawa, Misheck
Norov, Natsagdorj
Lkham, Baasansuren
Enkhtuya, Jargalsaikhan
Higashi, Hideaki
Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia
title Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia
title_full Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia
title_fullStr Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia
title_short Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in Khuvsgul Province, Mongolia
title_sort risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of livestock anthrax in khuvsgul province, mongolia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604359/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34797889
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260299
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