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Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats

PURPOSE: Nonunion bone fracture can be a cause of persistent pain, but the pathophysiology remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to identify how nonunion affect persistent pain after fracture. Specifically, we evaluated the association of neuropeptide change in dorsal root ganglia...

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Autores principales: Kasai, Yusuke, Aso, Koji, Izumi, Masashi, Wada, Hiroyuki, Dan, Junpei, Satake, Yoshinori, Morimoto, Toru, Ikeuchi, Masahiko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34815709
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S327457
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author Kasai, Yusuke
Aso, Koji
Izumi, Masashi
Wada, Hiroyuki
Dan, Junpei
Satake, Yoshinori
Morimoto, Toru
Ikeuchi, Masahiko
author_facet Kasai, Yusuke
Aso, Koji
Izumi, Masashi
Wada, Hiroyuki
Dan, Junpei
Satake, Yoshinori
Morimoto, Toru
Ikeuchi, Masahiko
author_sort Kasai, Yusuke
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Nonunion bone fracture can be a cause of persistent pain, but the pathophysiology remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to identify how nonunion affect persistent pain after fracture. Specifically, we evaluated the association of neuropeptide change in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and nerve proliferation at fracture sites with pain. METHODS: Rat union and nonunion fracture models were created. A piece of latex glove was placed at the fracture site to create a nonunion model. At 6 weeks after surgery, bone healing was assessed using radiography. In addition, the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) DRG at the level of L3 and anti-growth associated protein 43-immunoreactive (GAP43-IR) nerve fibers in the scar tissue between the bone fragments were evaluated. Pain-related behavior was assessed using forced treadmill running. RESULTS: In radiological images at 6 weeks after surgery, callus formation was formed continuously between bone fragments in the union models. On the one hand, a clear gap was detected between fragments in nonunion models. The percentage of CGRP-IR DRG cells and the density of GAP43-IR nerve fibers in the scar tissue between the bone fragments in nonunion models was significantly higher than that in union models (p < 0.05). An increase in inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed in scar tissues in the nonunion models. During forced treadmill running, rats in the union model could run significantly longer than those in the nonunion models. CONCLUSION: Increased CGRP expression in DRG cells and abnormal nerve proliferation secondary to prolonged inflammation could lead to persistent pain after bone fracture. In clinical practice, early achievement of bone union may minimize the development of persistent pain after fractures.
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spelling pubmed-86046362021-11-22 Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats Kasai, Yusuke Aso, Koji Izumi, Masashi Wada, Hiroyuki Dan, Junpei Satake, Yoshinori Morimoto, Toru Ikeuchi, Masahiko J Pain Res Original Research PURPOSE: Nonunion bone fracture can be a cause of persistent pain, but the pathophysiology remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to identify how nonunion affect persistent pain after fracture. Specifically, we evaluated the association of neuropeptide change in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and nerve proliferation at fracture sites with pain. METHODS: Rat union and nonunion fracture models were created. A piece of latex glove was placed at the fracture site to create a nonunion model. At 6 weeks after surgery, bone healing was assessed using radiography. In addition, the presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) DRG at the level of L3 and anti-growth associated protein 43-immunoreactive (GAP43-IR) nerve fibers in the scar tissue between the bone fragments were evaluated. Pain-related behavior was assessed using forced treadmill running. RESULTS: In radiological images at 6 weeks after surgery, callus formation was formed continuously between bone fragments in the union models. On the one hand, a clear gap was detected between fragments in nonunion models. The percentage of CGRP-IR DRG cells and the density of GAP43-IR nerve fibers in the scar tissue between the bone fragments in nonunion models was significantly higher than that in union models (p < 0.05). An increase in inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed in scar tissues in the nonunion models. During forced treadmill running, rats in the union model could run significantly longer than those in the nonunion models. CONCLUSION: Increased CGRP expression in DRG cells and abnormal nerve proliferation secondary to prolonged inflammation could lead to persistent pain after bone fracture. In clinical practice, early achievement of bone union may minimize the development of persistent pain after fractures. Dove 2021-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8604636/ /pubmed/34815709 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S327457 Text en © 2021 Kasai et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Kasai, Yusuke
Aso, Koji
Izumi, Masashi
Wada, Hiroyuki
Dan, Junpei
Satake, Yoshinori
Morimoto, Toru
Ikeuchi, Masahiko
Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats
title Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats
title_full Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats
title_fullStr Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats
title_full_unstemmed Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats
title_short Increased Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in DRG and Nerve Fibers Proliferation Caused by Nonunion Fracture in Rats
title_sort increased calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in drg and nerve fibers proliferation caused by nonunion fracture in rats
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604636/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34815709
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S327457
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