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Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study

PURPOSE: In clinical practice, currently one reference range for serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M is applied to all adults, although various factors may influence Ig serum levels. Population-based data on determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM and recommendations for subgroup specific reference rang...

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Autores principales: Khan, Samer Raza, Chaker, Layal, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Peeters, Robin Patrick, van Hagen, Petrus Martinus, Dalm, Virgil Alain Silvester Hovestadt
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604889/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34505230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01120-5
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author Khan, Samer Raza
Chaker, Layal
Ikram, Mohammad Arfan
Peeters, Robin Patrick
van Hagen, Petrus Martinus
Dalm, Virgil Alain Silvester Hovestadt
author_facet Khan, Samer Raza
Chaker, Layal
Ikram, Mohammad Arfan
Peeters, Robin Patrick
van Hagen, Petrus Martinus
Dalm, Virgil Alain Silvester Hovestadt
author_sort Khan, Samer Raza
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: In clinical practice, currently one reference range for serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M is applied to all adults, although various factors may influence Ig serum levels. Population-based data on determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM and recommendations for subgroup specific reference ranges are lacking. We aimed to provide an overview of determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals and explore determinants that influence Ig reference ranges. METHODS: Within the Rotterdam Study, we performed linear regression analyses for the association of demographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors with serum IgA, IgG, and IgM. We furthermore calculated Ig reference ranges (based on percentiles), both overall and within relevant subgroups. RESULTS: We included 8768 participants (median age 62 years). IgA and IgG increased non-linearly with higher age (P < .0001 for both). Women had lower IgA (beta: − 0.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: − 0.29; − 0.20) and IgG (beta: − 0.33; 95% CI: − 0.44; − 0.23), but higher IgM levels (beta: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04;0.13) than men. Former and particularly current smoking were associated with lower IgA and IgG (betas between − 0.07 and − 1.03). Higher alcohol consumption was associated with lower IgG (beta for heavy drinking: − 0.70; 95% CI: − 0.91; − 0.48). Corticosteroid use was associated with lower IgG (beta: − 1.12; 95% CI: − 1.58; − 0.66). Associations with cardiovascular factors were heterogeneous and differed between sexes. CONCLUSION: Age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, corticosteroid use, and cardiovascular factors are determinants that should be considered when interpreting serum Ig levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may require adjusted reference ranges. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01120-5.
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spelling pubmed-86048892021-12-03 Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study Khan, Samer Raza Chaker, Layal Ikram, Mohammad Arfan Peeters, Robin Patrick van Hagen, Petrus Martinus Dalm, Virgil Alain Silvester Hovestadt J Clin Immunol Original Article PURPOSE: In clinical practice, currently one reference range for serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M is applied to all adults, although various factors may influence Ig serum levels. Population-based data on determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM and recommendations for subgroup specific reference ranges are lacking. We aimed to provide an overview of determinants of IgA, IgG, and IgM in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals and explore determinants that influence Ig reference ranges. METHODS: Within the Rotterdam Study, we performed linear regression analyses for the association of demographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors with serum IgA, IgG, and IgM. We furthermore calculated Ig reference ranges (based on percentiles), both overall and within relevant subgroups. RESULTS: We included 8768 participants (median age 62 years). IgA and IgG increased non-linearly with higher age (P < .0001 for both). Women had lower IgA (beta: − 0.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: − 0.29; − 0.20) and IgG (beta: − 0.33; 95% CI: − 0.44; − 0.23), but higher IgM levels (beta: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.04;0.13) than men. Former and particularly current smoking were associated with lower IgA and IgG (betas between − 0.07 and − 1.03). Higher alcohol consumption was associated with lower IgG (beta for heavy drinking: − 0.70; 95% CI: − 0.91; − 0.48). Corticosteroid use was associated with lower IgG (beta: − 1.12; 95% CI: − 1.58; − 0.66). Associations with cardiovascular factors were heterogeneous and differed between sexes. CONCLUSION: Age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, corticosteroid use, and cardiovascular factors are determinants that should be considered when interpreting serum Ig levels in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may require adjusted reference ranges. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-021-01120-5. Springer US 2021-09-10 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8604889/ /pubmed/34505230 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01120-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Article
Khan, Samer Raza
Chaker, Layal
Ikram, Mohammad Arfan
Peeters, Robin Patrick
van Hagen, Petrus Martinus
Dalm, Virgil Alain Silvester Hovestadt
Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study
title Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study
title_full Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study
title_fullStr Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study
title_full_unstemmed Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study
title_short Determinants and Reference Ranges of Serum Immunoglobulins in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: a Population-Based Study
title_sort determinants and reference ranges of serum immunoglobulins in middle-aged and elderly individuals: a population-based study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604889/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34505230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01120-5
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