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Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke

The brain has the ability to reconstruct neural structures and functions to compensate for the brain lesions caused by stroke, although it is highly limited in primates including humans. Animal studies in which experimental lesions were induced in the brain have contributed to the current understand...

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Autor principal: Higo, Noriyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8606408/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819842
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.760311
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author Higo, Noriyuki
author_facet Higo, Noriyuki
author_sort Higo, Noriyuki
collection PubMed
description The brain has the ability to reconstruct neural structures and functions to compensate for the brain lesions caused by stroke, although it is highly limited in primates including humans. Animal studies in which experimental lesions were induced in the brain have contributed to the current understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying functional recovery. Here, I have highlighted recent advances in non-human primate models using primate species such as macaques and marmosets, most of which have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying the recovery of motor functions after stroke. Cortical lesion models have been used to investigate motor recovery after lesions to the cortical areas involved in movements of specific body parts. Models of a focal stroke at the posterior internal capsule have also been developed to bridge the gap between the knowledge obtained by cortical lesion models and the development of intervention strategies because the severity and outcome of motor deficits depend on the degree of lesions to the region. This review will also introduce other stroke models designed to study the plastic changes associated with development and recovery from cognitive and sensory impairments. Although further validation and careful interpretation are required, considering the differences between non-human primate brains and human brains, studies using brain-lesioned non-human primates offer promise for improving translational outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-86064082021-11-23 Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke Higo, Noriyuki Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience The brain has the ability to reconstruct neural structures and functions to compensate for the brain lesions caused by stroke, although it is highly limited in primates including humans. Animal studies in which experimental lesions were induced in the brain have contributed to the current understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying functional recovery. Here, I have highlighted recent advances in non-human primate models using primate species such as macaques and marmosets, most of which have been developed to study the mechanisms underlying the recovery of motor functions after stroke. Cortical lesion models have been used to investigate motor recovery after lesions to the cortical areas involved in movements of specific body parts. Models of a focal stroke at the posterior internal capsule have also been developed to bridge the gap between the knowledge obtained by cortical lesion models and the development of intervention strategies because the severity and outcome of motor deficits depend on the degree of lesions to the region. This review will also introduce other stroke models designed to study the plastic changes associated with development and recovery from cognitive and sensory impairments. Although further validation and careful interpretation are required, considering the differences between non-human primate brains and human brains, studies using brain-lesioned non-human primates offer promise for improving translational outcomes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8606408/ /pubmed/34819842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.760311 Text en Copyright © 2021 Higo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Higo, Noriyuki
Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke
title Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke
title_full Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke
title_fullStr Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke
title_full_unstemmed Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke
title_short Non-human Primate Models to Explore the Adaptive Mechanisms After Stroke
title_sort non-human primate models to explore the adaptive mechanisms after stroke
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8606408/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819842
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.760311
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