Cargando…

Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships

PURPOSE: To characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (T(core)) and skin (T(sk)) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions. METHODS: Marathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and pos...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Racinais, Sebastien, Ihsan, Mohammed, Taylor, Lee, Cardinale, Marco, Adami, Paolo Emilio, Alonso, Juan Manuel, Bouscaren, Nicolas, Buitrago, Sebastian, Esh, Chris J, Gomez-Ezeiza, Josu, Garrandes, Frederic, Havenith, George, Labidi, Mariem, Lange, Gunter, Lloyd, Alexander, Moussay, Sebastien, Mtibaa, Khouloud, Townsend, Nathan, Wilson, Mathew G, Bermon, Stephane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8606454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33579722
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103613
_version_ 1784602341490556928
author Racinais, Sebastien
Ihsan, Mohammed
Taylor, Lee
Cardinale, Marco
Adami, Paolo Emilio
Alonso, Juan Manuel
Bouscaren, Nicolas
Buitrago, Sebastian
Esh, Chris J
Gomez-Ezeiza, Josu
Garrandes, Frederic
Havenith, George
Labidi, Mariem
Lange, Gunter
Lloyd, Alexander
Moussay, Sebastien
Mtibaa, Khouloud
Townsend, Nathan
Wilson, Mathew G
Bermon, Stephane
author_facet Racinais, Sebastien
Ihsan, Mohammed
Taylor, Lee
Cardinale, Marco
Adami, Paolo Emilio
Alonso, Juan Manuel
Bouscaren, Nicolas
Buitrago, Sebastian
Esh, Chris J
Gomez-Ezeiza, Josu
Garrandes, Frederic
Havenith, George
Labidi, Mariem
Lange, Gunter
Lloyd, Alexander
Moussay, Sebastien
Mtibaa, Khouloud
Townsend, Nathan
Wilson, Mathew G
Bermon, Stephane
author_sort Racinais, Sebastien
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: To characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (T(core)) and skin (T(sk)) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions. METHODS: Marathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and post-race body weight (n=74), T(core) (n=56) and T(sk) (n=49; thermography) were measured. RESULTS: Most athletes (93%) had a pre-planned drinking strategy (electrolytes (83%), carbohydrates (81%)) while ice slurry was less common (11%; p<0.001). More men than women relied on electrolytes and carbohydrates (91%–93% vs 67%–72%, p≤0.029). Drinking strategies were based on personal experience (91%) rather than external sources (p<0.001). Most athletes (80%) planned pre-cooling (ice vests (53%), cold towels (45%), neck collars (21%) and ice slurry (21%)) and/or mid-cooling (93%; head/face dousing (65%) and cold water ingestion (52%)). Menthol usage was negligible (1%–2%). Pre-race T(core) was lower in athletes using ice vests (37.5°C±0.4°C vs 37.8°C±0.3°C, p=0.024). T(core) (pre-race 37.7°C±0.3°C, post-race 39.6°C±0.6°C) was independent of event, ranking or performance (p≥0.225). Pre-race T(sk) was correlated with faster race completion (r=0.32, p=0.046) and was higher in non-finishers (did not finish (DNF); 33.8°C±0.9°C vs 32.6°C±1.4°C, p=0.017). Body mass loss was higher in men than women (−2.8±1.5% vs −1.3±1.6%, p<0.001), although not associated with performance. CONCLUSION: Most athletes’ hydration strategies were pre-planned based on personal experience. Ice vests were the most adopted pre-cooling strategy and the only one minimising T(core), suggesting that event organisers should be cognisant of logistics (ie, freezers). Dehydration was moderate and unrelated to performance. Pre-race T(sk) was related to performance and DNF, suggesting that T(sk) modulation should be incorporated into pre-race strategies.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8606454
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-86064542021-12-03 Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships Racinais, Sebastien Ihsan, Mohammed Taylor, Lee Cardinale, Marco Adami, Paolo Emilio Alonso, Juan Manuel Bouscaren, Nicolas Buitrago, Sebastian Esh, Chris J Gomez-Ezeiza, Josu Garrandes, Frederic Havenith, George Labidi, Mariem Lange, Gunter Lloyd, Alexander Moussay, Sebastien Mtibaa, Khouloud Townsend, Nathan Wilson, Mathew G Bermon, Stephane Br J Sports Med Original Research PURPOSE: To characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (T(core)) and skin (T(sk)) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions. METHODS: Marathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and post-race body weight (n=74), T(core) (n=56) and T(sk) (n=49; thermography) were measured. RESULTS: Most athletes (93%) had a pre-planned drinking strategy (electrolytes (83%), carbohydrates (81%)) while ice slurry was less common (11%; p<0.001). More men than women relied on electrolytes and carbohydrates (91%–93% vs 67%–72%, p≤0.029). Drinking strategies were based on personal experience (91%) rather than external sources (p<0.001). Most athletes (80%) planned pre-cooling (ice vests (53%), cold towels (45%), neck collars (21%) and ice slurry (21%)) and/or mid-cooling (93%; head/face dousing (65%) and cold water ingestion (52%)). Menthol usage was negligible (1%–2%). Pre-race T(core) was lower in athletes using ice vests (37.5°C±0.4°C vs 37.8°C±0.3°C, p=0.024). T(core) (pre-race 37.7°C±0.3°C, post-race 39.6°C±0.6°C) was independent of event, ranking or performance (p≥0.225). Pre-race T(sk) was correlated with faster race completion (r=0.32, p=0.046) and was higher in non-finishers (did not finish (DNF); 33.8°C±0.9°C vs 32.6°C±1.4°C, p=0.017). Body mass loss was higher in men than women (−2.8±1.5% vs −1.3±1.6%, p<0.001), although not associated with performance. CONCLUSION: Most athletes’ hydration strategies were pre-planned based on personal experience. Ice vests were the most adopted pre-cooling strategy and the only one minimising T(core), suggesting that event organisers should be cognisant of logistics (ie, freezers). Dehydration was moderate and unrelated to performance. Pre-race T(sk) was related to performance and DNF, suggesting that T(sk) modulation should be incorporated into pre-race strategies. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-12 2021-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8606454/ /pubmed/33579722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103613 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Research
Racinais, Sebastien
Ihsan, Mohammed
Taylor, Lee
Cardinale, Marco
Adami, Paolo Emilio
Alonso, Juan Manuel
Bouscaren, Nicolas
Buitrago, Sebastian
Esh, Chris J
Gomez-Ezeiza, Josu
Garrandes, Frederic
Havenith, George
Labidi, Mariem
Lange, Gunter
Lloyd, Alexander
Moussay, Sebastien
Mtibaa, Khouloud
Townsend, Nathan
Wilson, Mathew G
Bermon, Stephane
Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
title Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
title_full Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
title_fullStr Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
title_full_unstemmed Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
title_short Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
title_sort hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the doha 2019 iaaf world athletics championships
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8606454/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33579722
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103613
work_keys_str_mv AT racinaissebastien hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT ihsanmohammed hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT taylorlee hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT cardinalemarco hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT adamipaoloemilio hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT alonsojuanmanuel hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT bouscarennicolas hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT buitragosebastian hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT eshchrisj hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT gomezezeizajosu hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT garrandesfrederic hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT havenithgeorge hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT labidimariem hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT langegunter hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT lloydalexander hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT moussaysebastien hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT mtibaakhouloud hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT townsendnathan hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT wilsonmathewg hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships
AT bermonstephane hydrationandcoolingineliteathletesrelationshipwithperformancebodymasslossandbodytemperaturesduringthedoha2019iaafworldathleticschampionships