Health economic impact of first-pass success among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy: a United States and European perspective

BACKGROUND: First-pass effect (FPE), restoring complete or near complete reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2c-3) in a single pass, is an independent predictor for good functional outcomes in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The economic implications of achieving FPE have not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic impact of achieving complete or near complete reperfusion after the first pass. METHODS: Post hoc analyses were conducted using ARISE II study data. The target population consisted of patients in whom mTICI 2c–3 was achieved, stratified into two groups: (1) mTICI 2c–3 achieved after the first pass (FPE group) or (2) after multiple passes (non-FPE group). Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and healthcare resource use were compared between groups. Costs from peer-reviewed literature were applied to assess cost consequences from the perspectives of the United States (USA), France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom (UK). RESULTS: Among patients who achieved mTICI 2c–3 (n=172), FPE was achieved in 53% (n=91). A higher proportion of patients in the FPE group reached good functional outcomes (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 80.46% vs 61.04%, p<0.01). The patients in the FPE group had a shorter mean length of stay (6.10 vs 9.48 days, p<0.01) and required only a single stent retriever, whereas 35% of patients in the non-FPE group required at least one additional device. Driven by improvement in clinical outcomes, the FPE group had lower procedural/hospitalization-related (24–33% reduction) and annual care (11–27% reduction) costs across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: FPE resulted in improved clinical outcomes, translating into lower healthcare resource use and lower estimated costs.