Predictors of perirenal haematoma post-percutaneous ultrasound-guided renal biopsy

OBJECTIVE: To perform a prospective study to determine the risk factors associated with perirenal haematoma development after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB). METHODS: This multivariate prospective study collected demographic and clinical data from all consecutive adult patients that underwent real-time ultrasound-guided PRB of native kidneys. All biopsies were performed by two well-trained ultrasound physicians using 16G biopsy needles. Routine renal ultrasounds were performed within 12–24 h after biopsies in order to observe post-biopsy perirenal haematoma formation. Patients were stratified based on the occurrence of post-biopsy haematoma development. RESULTS: This prospective study enrolled 218 patients and stratified them into a haematoma group (n = 126) and a non-haematoma group (n = 92). Binary logistic regression analysis identified female patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.990; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.125, 3.521), patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m(2) (OR 2.660; 95% CI 1.097, 6.449) and patients with immediate post-biopsy active bleeding (IPAB) (OR 2.572; 95% CI 1.422, 4.655) as being more likely to have perirenal haematoma after real-time ultrasound guided PRB of native kidneys. CONCLUSION: Female sex, a BMI ≥28 kg/m(2) and IPAB were risk factors for perirenal haematoma after real-time ultrasound-guided PRB of native kidneys.