Cargando…
The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder where the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic systems are impaired. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network where the central and enteric nervous systems are linked through the same endocrine, immune, neur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8607517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819883 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722335 |
_version_ | 1784602579004555264 |
---|---|
author | Scassellati, Catia Marizzoni, Moira Cattane, Nadia Lopizzo, Nicola Mombelli, Elisa Riva, Marco Andrea Cattaneo, Annamaria |
author_facet | Scassellati, Catia Marizzoni, Moira Cattane, Nadia Lopizzo, Nicola Mombelli, Elisa Riva, Marco Andrea Cattaneo, Annamaria |
author_sort | Scassellati, Catia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder where the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic systems are impaired. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network where the central and enteric nervous systems are linked through the same endocrine, immune, neural, and metabolic routes dysregulated in MDD. Thus, gut-brain axis abnormalities in MDD patients may, at least in part, account for the symptomatic features associated with MDD. Recent investigations have suggested that the oral microbiome also plays a key role in this complex molecular picture of relationships. As on one hand there is a lot of what we know and on the other hand little of what we still need to know, we structured this review focusing, in the first place, on putting all pieces of this complex puzzle together, underlying the endocrine, immune, oxidative stress, neural, microbial neurotransmitters, and metabolites molecular interactions and systems lying at the base of gut microbiota (GM)–brain-depression interphase. Then, we focused on promising but still under-explored areas of research strictly linked to the GM and potentially involved in MDD development: (i) the interconnection of GM with oral microbiome that can influence the neuroinflammation-related processes and (ii) gut phageome (bacteria-infecting viruses). As conclusions and future directions, we discussed potentiality but also pitfalls, roadblocks, and the gaps to be bridged in this exciting field of research. By the development of a broader knowledge of the biology associated with MDD, with the inclusion of the gut/oral microbiome, we can accelerate the growth toward a better global health based on precision medicine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8607517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86075172021-11-23 The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know Scassellati, Catia Marizzoni, Moira Cattane, Nadia Lopizzo, Nicola Mombelli, Elisa Riva, Marco Andrea Cattaneo, Annamaria Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mental disorder where the neurochemical, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic systems are impaired. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional network where the central and enteric nervous systems are linked through the same endocrine, immune, neural, and metabolic routes dysregulated in MDD. Thus, gut-brain axis abnormalities in MDD patients may, at least in part, account for the symptomatic features associated with MDD. Recent investigations have suggested that the oral microbiome also plays a key role in this complex molecular picture of relationships. As on one hand there is a lot of what we know and on the other hand little of what we still need to know, we structured this review focusing, in the first place, on putting all pieces of this complex puzzle together, underlying the endocrine, immune, oxidative stress, neural, microbial neurotransmitters, and metabolites molecular interactions and systems lying at the base of gut microbiota (GM)–brain-depression interphase. Then, we focused on promising but still under-explored areas of research strictly linked to the GM and potentially involved in MDD development: (i) the interconnection of GM with oral microbiome that can influence the neuroinflammation-related processes and (ii) gut phageome (bacteria-infecting viruses). As conclusions and future directions, we discussed potentiality but also pitfalls, roadblocks, and the gaps to be bridged in this exciting field of research. By the development of a broader knowledge of the biology associated with MDD, with the inclusion of the gut/oral microbiome, we can accelerate the growth toward a better global health based on precision medicine. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8607517/ /pubmed/34819883 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722335 Text en Copyright © 2021 Scassellati, Marizzoni, Cattane, Lopizzo, Mombelli, Riva and Cattaneo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Scassellati, Catia Marizzoni, Moira Cattane, Nadia Lopizzo, Nicola Mombelli, Elisa Riva, Marco Andrea Cattaneo, Annamaria The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know |
title | The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know |
title_full | The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know |
title_fullStr | The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know |
title_full_unstemmed | The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know |
title_short | The Complex Molecular Picture of Gut and Oral Microbiota–Brain-Depression System: What We Know and What We Need to Know |
title_sort | complex molecular picture of gut and oral microbiota–brain-depression system: what we know and what we need to know |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8607517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819883 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.722335 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT scassellaticatia thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT marizzonimoira thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT cattanenadia thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT lopizzonicola thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT mombellielisa thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT rivamarcoandrea thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT cattaneoannamaria thecomplexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT scassellaticatia complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT marizzonimoira complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT cattanenadia complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT lopizzonicola complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT mombellielisa complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT rivamarcoandrea complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow AT cattaneoannamaria complexmolecularpictureofgutandoralmicrobiotabraindepressionsystemwhatweknowandwhatweneedtoknow |