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The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study

Background The mental health toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been yet examined. The purpose of the study was to examine psychological predictors before the second lockdown and their impact on the prediction of ICD-11 probable Adjustment Disorder (AjD) after the second...

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Autores principales: Hamama-Raz, Yaira, Goodwin, Robin, Leshem, Elazar, Ben-Ezra, Menachem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8609472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34274788
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080
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author Hamama-Raz, Yaira
Goodwin, Robin
Leshem, Elazar
Ben-Ezra, Menachem
author_facet Hamama-Raz, Yaira
Goodwin, Robin
Leshem, Elazar
Ben-Ezra, Menachem
author_sort Hamama-Raz, Yaira
collection PubMed
description Background The mental health toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been yet examined. The purpose of the study was to examine psychological predictors before the second lockdown and their impact on the prediction of ICD-11 probable Adjustment Disorder (AjD) after the second lockdown. Methods Using a longitudinal design we surveyed a national representative sample of the Israeli population before and after the second lockdown. In wave 1, 1029 were surveyed (Response Rate (RR) = 76.17%) and in Wave 2, 764 were surveyed (RR = 74.24%). Participants answer a questionnaire tapping COVID-19 stressful related events, uncertainty, probable depression predicting ICD-11 and probable AjD. Results The main predictors of AjD after the second lockdown were sex (OR = 1.868; p ≤0.01), having a COVID-19 occupational related stressful event (OR = 2.855; p <0.001), probable depression (OR = 2.520; p <0.001) and Uncertainty (OR = 4.485; p <0.001). Limitations We recognise the limitations of response bias. In addition, we did not measure pre COVID-19 mental health. Conclusions The study results show the mental toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-86094722021-11-23 The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study Hamama-Raz, Yaira Goodwin, Robin Leshem, Elazar Ben-Ezra, Menachem J Affect Disord Article Background The mental health toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been yet examined. The purpose of the study was to examine psychological predictors before the second lockdown and their impact on the prediction of ICD-11 probable Adjustment Disorder (AjD) after the second lockdown. Methods Using a longitudinal design we surveyed a national representative sample of the Israeli population before and after the second lockdown. In wave 1, 1029 were surveyed (Response Rate (RR) = 76.17%) and in Wave 2, 764 were surveyed (RR = 74.24%). Participants answer a questionnaire tapping COVID-19 stressful related events, uncertainty, probable depression predicting ICD-11 and probable AjD. Results The main predictors of AjD after the second lockdown were sex (OR = 1.868; p ≤0.01), having a COVID-19 occupational related stressful event (OR = 2.855; p <0.001), probable depression (OR = 2.520; p <0.001) and Uncertainty (OR = 4.485; p <0.001). Limitations We recognise the limitations of response bias. In addition, we did not measure pre COVID-19 mental health. Conclusions The study results show the mental toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elsevier B.V. 2021-11-01 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8609472/ /pubmed/34274788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080 Text en © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Hamama-Raz, Yaira
Goodwin, Robin
Leshem, Elazar
Ben-Ezra, Menachem
The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
title The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
title_full The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
title_fullStr The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
title_short The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
title_sort toll of a second lockdown: a longitudinal study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8609472/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34274788
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080
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