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The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study
Background The mental health toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been yet examined. The purpose of the study was to examine psychological predictors before the second lockdown and their impact on the prediction of ICD-11 probable Adjustment Disorder (AjD) after the second...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8609472/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34274788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080 |
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author | Hamama-Raz, Yaira Goodwin, Robin Leshem, Elazar Ben-Ezra, Menachem |
author_facet | Hamama-Raz, Yaira Goodwin, Robin Leshem, Elazar Ben-Ezra, Menachem |
author_sort | Hamama-Raz, Yaira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background The mental health toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been yet examined. The purpose of the study was to examine psychological predictors before the second lockdown and their impact on the prediction of ICD-11 probable Adjustment Disorder (AjD) after the second lockdown. Methods Using a longitudinal design we surveyed a national representative sample of the Israeli population before and after the second lockdown. In wave 1, 1029 were surveyed (Response Rate (RR) = 76.17%) and in Wave 2, 764 were surveyed (RR = 74.24%). Participants answer a questionnaire tapping COVID-19 stressful related events, uncertainty, probable depression predicting ICD-11 and probable AjD. Results The main predictors of AjD after the second lockdown were sex (OR = 1.868; p ≤0.01), having a COVID-19 occupational related stressful event (OR = 2.855; p <0.001), probable depression (OR = 2.520; p <0.001) and Uncertainty (OR = 4.485; p <0.001). Limitations We recognise the limitations of response bias. In addition, we did not measure pre COVID-19 mental health. Conclusions The study results show the mental toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8609472 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86094722021-11-23 The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study Hamama-Raz, Yaira Goodwin, Robin Leshem, Elazar Ben-Ezra, Menachem J Affect Disord Article Background The mental health toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been yet examined. The purpose of the study was to examine psychological predictors before the second lockdown and their impact on the prediction of ICD-11 probable Adjustment Disorder (AjD) after the second lockdown. Methods Using a longitudinal design we surveyed a national representative sample of the Israeli population before and after the second lockdown. In wave 1, 1029 were surveyed (Response Rate (RR) = 76.17%) and in Wave 2, 764 were surveyed (RR = 74.24%). Participants answer a questionnaire tapping COVID-19 stressful related events, uncertainty, probable depression predicting ICD-11 and probable AjD. Results The main predictors of AjD after the second lockdown were sex (OR = 1.868; p ≤0.01), having a COVID-19 occupational related stressful event (OR = 2.855; p <0.001), probable depression (OR = 2.520; p <0.001) and Uncertainty (OR = 4.485; p <0.001). Limitations We recognise the limitations of response bias. In addition, we did not measure pre COVID-19 mental health. Conclusions The study results show the mental toll of a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elsevier B.V. 2021-11-01 2021-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8609472/ /pubmed/34274788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080 Text en © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Hamama-Raz, Yaira Goodwin, Robin Leshem, Elazar Ben-Ezra, Menachem The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study |
title | The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study |
title_full | The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study |
title_fullStr | The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study |
title_full_unstemmed | The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study |
title_short | The toll of a second lockdown: A longitudinal study |
title_sort | toll of a second lockdown: a longitudinal study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8609472/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34274788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.080 |
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