Primary mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the bladder from an imaging perspective: A case report

BACKGROUND: Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade tumor that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder. There is currently no consensus on the common imaging findings or most appropriate treatment in MALT lymphoma in the urinary bladder due to the limited number of reports. CASE SUMMARY: A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year history of macroscopic hematuria. Imaging showed a large homogeneous mass with an unclear boundary and an irregular morphology in the bladder. The mass had an abundant blood supply. For further diagnosis, transurethral cystoscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy was performed, and the patient was finally diagnosed with primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder. R-CHOP chemotherapy was carried out. After three cycles of chemotherapy, the mass disappeared and the bladder wall thickness was only 4 mm, which indicated excellent therapeutic response to the chemotherapy. To date, the patient remains asymptomatic and she visits our hospital regularly for the completion of the remaining chemotherapy cycles. CONCLUSION: Primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder is rare, and there are certain characteristics in the ultrasonographic findings. Imaging findings play an important role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and are critical during long-term follow-up after therapy.