Clinical presentation and management of drug-induced gingival overgrowth: A case series

BACKGROUND: We report three patients with drug-induced gingiva overgrowth (DIGO) caused by nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, who were treated and followed up for 1–3 years. We discussed their symptoms, treatment process, treatment prognosis, and follow-up results. CASE SUMMARY: All the patients had a history of nifedipine treatment to control hypertension. Besides nifedipine, Patient 1 was prescribed immunosuppressant cyclosporine A to control nephritis, which is also implicated in GO. Thus, we assumed that a synergistic effect between the drugs contributed to the severity of Patient 1’s condition. This condition has been reported to be more pronounced in patients with periodontitis. In the course of treatment, Patients 1 and 2 did not stop or change drugs. After initial periodontal treatment, periodontal surgery, and later periodontal support and better plaque control, their gingival hyperplasia was well managed and controlled. Under the guidance of a physician, Patient 3 replaced her calcium-channel blocker drug with losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets. She received initial treatment without surgery, obtaining a good curative effect. CONCLUSION: Patients’ compliance, self-plaque control, and professional periodontal therapy have a vital role in treating and preventing the recurrence of DIGO.