Assessment of CT to CBCT contour mapping for radiomic feature analysis in prostate cancer

This study provides a quantitative assessment of the accuracy of a commercially available deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm to automatically generate prostate contours and additionally investigates the robustness of radiomic features to differing contours. Twenty-eight prostate cancer patients enrolled on an institutional review board (IRB) approved protocol were selected. Planning CTs (pCTs) were deformably registered to daily cone-beam CTs (CBCTs) to generate prostate contours (auto contours). The prostate contours were also manually drawn by a physician. Quantitative assessment of deformed versus manually drawn prostate contours on daily CBCT images was performed using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean distance-to-agreement (MDA), difference in center-of-mass position (ΔCM) and difference in volume (ΔVol). Radiomic features from 6 classes were extracted from each contour. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and mean absolute percent difference in radiomic feature-derived data (mean |%Δ|RF) between auto and manual contours were calculated. The mean (± SD) DSC, MDA, ΔCM and ΔVol between the auto and manual prostate contours were 0.90 ± 0.04, 1.81 ± 0.47 mm, 2.17 ± 1.26 mm and 5.1 ± 4.1% respectively. Of the 1,010 fractions under consideration, 94.8% of DIRs were within TG-132 recommended tolerance. 30 radiomic features had a CCC > 0.90 and 21 had a mean |%∆|RF < 5%. Auto-propagation of prostate contours resulted in nearly 95% of DIRs within tolerance recommendations of TG-132, leading to the majority of features being regarded as acceptably robust. The use of auto contours for radiomic feature analysis is promising but must be done with caution.