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An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea worldwide and C. difficile infection is an emerging infectious disease. In the US, its rates are monitored trough an active surveillance system, but many European Union member states still lack this, and...

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Autores principales: Medaglia, Alice Annalisa, Buffa, Sergio, Gioè, Claudia, Bonura, Silvia, Rubino, Raffaella, Iaria, Chiara, Colomba, Claudia, Cascio, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613107/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34495497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01683-w
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author Medaglia, Alice Annalisa
Buffa, Sergio
Gioè, Claudia
Bonura, Silvia
Rubino, Raffaella
Iaria, Chiara
Colomba, Claudia
Cascio, Antonio
author_facet Medaglia, Alice Annalisa
Buffa, Sergio
Gioè, Claudia
Bonura, Silvia
Rubino, Raffaella
Iaria, Chiara
Colomba, Claudia
Cascio, Antonio
author_sort Medaglia, Alice Annalisa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea worldwide and C. difficile infection is an emerging infectious disease. In the US, its rates are monitored trough an active surveillance system, but many European Union member states still lack this, and in Italy no epidemiological data on C. difficile infection are available except for a few single-centre data. AIM: To provide data on the C. difficile infection incidence in Sicily (the biggest and 5th most populous region of Italy) during a 10-year period. METHODS: We revised all the regional standardized discharge forms between 2009 and June 2019 using the code ICD-9 00845 of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification, which refers to C. difficile infection with or without complications. RESULTS: 1139 cases of CDI were identified. 97% were adults with a median age of 73.2 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4. Female patients were older than males and patients who died were older than patients who did not. The main comorbidities were renal disease, diabetes, pneumonia and hypertension. There were 65 reporting hospitals and 86% of cases were provided by level III and II hospitals. Between 2009 and 2019, the incidence increased 40-fold. 81.5% of cases were reported in Medicine Units, Infectious Diseases Units and long-term care facilities. The mean length of stay was 20 days. Mean case fatality rate was 8.3% over the 10-year period. CONCLUSION: Clostridioides difficile infection is a dramatically increasing condition in Sicily. A high-quality surveillance system and shared diagnostic protocols are needed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01683-w.
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spelling pubmed-86131072021-12-10 An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily Medaglia, Alice Annalisa Buffa, Sergio Gioè, Claudia Bonura, Silvia Rubino, Raffaella Iaria, Chiara Colomba, Claudia Cascio, Antonio Infection Original Paper BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea worldwide and C. difficile infection is an emerging infectious disease. In the US, its rates are monitored trough an active surveillance system, but many European Union member states still lack this, and in Italy no epidemiological data on C. difficile infection are available except for a few single-centre data. AIM: To provide data on the C. difficile infection incidence in Sicily (the biggest and 5th most populous region of Italy) during a 10-year period. METHODS: We revised all the regional standardized discharge forms between 2009 and June 2019 using the code ICD-9 00845 of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification, which refers to C. difficile infection with or without complications. RESULTS: 1139 cases of CDI were identified. 97% were adults with a median age of 73.2 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4. Female patients were older than males and patients who died were older than patients who did not. The main comorbidities were renal disease, diabetes, pneumonia and hypertension. There were 65 reporting hospitals and 86% of cases were provided by level III and II hospitals. Between 2009 and 2019, the incidence increased 40-fold. 81.5% of cases were reported in Medicine Units, Infectious Diseases Units and long-term care facilities. The mean length of stay was 20 days. Mean case fatality rate was 8.3% over the 10-year period. CONCLUSION: Clostridioides difficile infection is a dramatically increasing condition in Sicily. A high-quality surveillance system and shared diagnostic protocols are needed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01683-w. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-09-08 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8613107/ /pubmed/34495497 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01683-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Paper
Medaglia, Alice Annalisa
Buffa, Sergio
Gioè, Claudia
Bonura, Silvia
Rubino, Raffaella
Iaria, Chiara
Colomba, Claudia
Cascio, Antonio
An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
title An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
title_full An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
title_fullStr An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
title_full_unstemmed An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
title_short An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
title_sort emergent infectious disease: clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in sicily
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613107/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34495497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01683-w
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