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Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria
Bacterial defenses against phage, which include CRISPR-mediated immunity and other mechanisms, can carry substantial growth rate costs and can be rapidly lost when pathogens are eliminated. How bacteria preserve their molecular defenses despite their costs, in the face of variable pathogen levels an...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26609-w |
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author | Skanata, Antun Kussell, Edo |
author_facet | Skanata, Antun Kussell, Edo |
author_sort | Skanata, Antun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacterial defenses against phage, which include CRISPR-mediated immunity and other mechanisms, can carry substantial growth rate costs and can be rapidly lost when pathogens are eliminated. How bacteria preserve their molecular defenses despite their costs, in the face of variable pathogen levels and inter-strain competition, remains a major unsolved problem in evolutionary biology. Here, we present a multilevel model that incorporates biophysics of molecular binding, host-pathogen population dynamics, and ecological dynamics across a large number of independent territories. Using techniques of game theory and non-linear dynamical systems, we show that by maintaining a non-zero failure rate of defenses, hosts sustain sufficient levels of pathogen within an ecology to select against loss of the defense. This resistance switching strategy is evolutionarily stable, and provides a powerful evolutionary mechanism that maintains host-pathogen interactions, selects against cheater strains that avoid the costs of immunity, and enables co-evolutionary dynamics in a wide range of systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8613279 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86132792021-12-01 Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria Skanata, Antun Kussell, Edo Nat Commun Article Bacterial defenses against phage, which include CRISPR-mediated immunity and other mechanisms, can carry substantial growth rate costs and can be rapidly lost when pathogens are eliminated. How bacteria preserve their molecular defenses despite their costs, in the face of variable pathogen levels and inter-strain competition, remains a major unsolved problem in evolutionary biology. Here, we present a multilevel model that incorporates biophysics of molecular binding, host-pathogen population dynamics, and ecological dynamics across a large number of independent territories. Using techniques of game theory and non-linear dynamical systems, we show that by maintaining a non-zero failure rate of defenses, hosts sustain sufficient levels of pathogen within an ecology to select against loss of the defense. This resistance switching strategy is evolutionarily stable, and provides a powerful evolutionary mechanism that maintains host-pathogen interactions, selects against cheater strains that avoid the costs of immunity, and enables co-evolutionary dynamics in a wide range of systems. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8613279/ /pubmed/34819498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26609-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Skanata, Antun Kussell, Edo Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
title | Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
title_full | Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
title_fullStr | Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
title_short | Ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
title_sort | ecological memory preserves phage resistance mechanisms in bacteria |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613279/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819498 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26609-w |
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