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Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have sprea...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Veterinary World
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34840452 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2339-2345 |
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author | Ekawasti, Fitrine Nurcahyo, Raden Wisnu Firdausy, Lintang Winantya Wardhana, April Hari Sawitri, Dyah Haryuningtyas Prastowo, Joko Priyowidodo, Dwi |
author_facet | Ekawasti, Fitrine Nurcahyo, Raden Wisnu Firdausy, Lintang Winantya Wardhana, April Hari Sawitri, Dyah Haryuningtyas Prastowo, Joko Priyowidodo, Dwi |
author_sort | Ekawasti, Fitrine |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. RESULTS: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. CONCLUSION: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8613789 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Veterinary World |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86137892021-11-26 Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia Ekawasti, Fitrine Nurcahyo, Raden Wisnu Firdausy, Lintang Winantya Wardhana, April Hari Sawitri, Dyah Haryuningtyas Prastowo, Joko Priyowidodo, Dwi Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. RESULTS: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. CONCLUSION: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis. Veterinary World 2021-09 2021-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8613789/ /pubmed/34840452 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2339-2345 Text en Copyright: © Ekawasti, et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ekawasti, Fitrine Nurcahyo, Raden Wisnu Firdausy, Lintang Winantya Wardhana, April Hari Sawitri, Dyah Haryuningtyas Prastowo, Joko Priyowidodo, Dwi Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia |
title | Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia |
title_full | Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia |
title_short | Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia |
title_sort | prevalence and risk factors associated with eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of indonesia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613789/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34840452 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.2339-2345 |
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