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Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease
In the late phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, parasite persistence and an exaggerated immune response accompanied by oxidative stress play a crucial role in the genesis of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Current treatments (Benznidazole (BNZ) and Nifurtimox) can effect only the eliminatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8614928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34829722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111851 |
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author | Espinel-Mesa, Denerieth Ximena González Rugeles, Clara Isabel Mantilla Hernández, Julio César Stashenko, Elena E. Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés Quimbaya Ramírez, John Jaime García Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma |
author_facet | Espinel-Mesa, Denerieth Ximena González Rugeles, Clara Isabel Mantilla Hernández, Julio César Stashenko, Elena E. Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés Quimbaya Ramírez, John Jaime García Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma |
author_sort | Espinel-Mesa, Denerieth Ximena |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the late phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, parasite persistence and an exaggerated immune response accompanied by oxidative stress play a crucial role in the genesis of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Current treatments (Benznidazole (BNZ) and Nifurtimox) can effect only the elimination of the parasite, but are ineffective for late stage treatment and for preventing heart damage and disease progression. In vivo trypanocidal and cardioprotective activity has been reported for Lippia alba essential oils (EOs), ascribed to their two major terpenes, limonene and caryophyllene oxide. To investigate the role of antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms behind these properties, chronic-T. cruzi-infected rats were treated with oral synergistic mixtures of the aforementioned EOs. For this purpose, the EOs were optimized through limonene-enrichment fractioning and by the addition of exogenous caryophyllene oxide (LIMOX) and used alone or in combined therapy with subtherapeutic doses of BNZ (LIMOXBNZ). Clinical, toxicity, inflammatory, oxidative, and parasitological (qPCR) parameters were assessed in cardiac tissue. These therapies demonstrated meaningful antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on markers involved in CCC pathogenesis (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and iNOS), which could explain their significant trypanocidal properties and their noteworthy role in preventing, and even reversing, the progression of cardiac damage in chronic Chagas disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8614928 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86149282021-11-26 Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease Espinel-Mesa, Denerieth Ximena González Rugeles, Clara Isabel Mantilla Hernández, Julio César Stashenko, Elena E. Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés Quimbaya Ramírez, John Jaime García Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma Antioxidants (Basel) Article In the late phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, parasite persistence and an exaggerated immune response accompanied by oxidative stress play a crucial role in the genesis of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy (CCC). Current treatments (Benznidazole (BNZ) and Nifurtimox) can effect only the elimination of the parasite, but are ineffective for late stage treatment and for preventing heart damage and disease progression. In vivo trypanocidal and cardioprotective activity has been reported for Lippia alba essential oils (EOs), ascribed to their two major terpenes, limonene and caryophyllene oxide. To investigate the role of antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms behind these properties, chronic-T. cruzi-infected rats were treated with oral synergistic mixtures of the aforementioned EOs. For this purpose, the EOs were optimized through limonene-enrichment fractioning and by the addition of exogenous caryophyllene oxide (LIMOX) and used alone or in combined therapy with subtherapeutic doses of BNZ (LIMOXBNZ). Clinical, toxicity, inflammatory, oxidative, and parasitological (qPCR) parameters were assessed in cardiac tissue. These therapies demonstrated meaningful antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity on markers involved in CCC pathogenesis (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and iNOS), which could explain their significant trypanocidal properties and their noteworthy role in preventing, and even reversing, the progression of cardiac damage in chronic Chagas disease. MDPI 2021-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8614928/ /pubmed/34829722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111851 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Espinel-Mesa, Denerieth Ximena González Rugeles, Clara Isabel Mantilla Hernández, Julio César Stashenko, Elena E. Villegas-Lanau, Carlos Andrés Quimbaya Ramírez, John Jaime García Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease |
title | Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease |
title_full | Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease |
title_fullStr | Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease |
title_short | Immunomodulation and Antioxidant Activities as Possible Trypanocidal and Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Major Terpenes from Lippia alba Essential Oils in an Experimental Model of Chronic Chagas Disease |
title_sort | immunomodulation and antioxidant activities as possible trypanocidal and cardioprotective mechanisms of major terpenes from lippia alba essential oils in an experimental model of chronic chagas disease |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8614928/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34829722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111851 |
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