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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin
The prostate tumor microenvironment plays important roles in the metastasis and hormone-insensitive re-growth of tumor cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into prostate tumors to facilitate tumor microenvironment formation. However, the specific intrinsic molecu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615076/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34829800 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111572 |
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author | Noh, Jinok Yu, Jinyeong Kim, Wootak Park, Aran Park, Ki-Sook |
author_facet | Noh, Jinok Yu, Jinyeong Kim, Wootak Park, Aran Park, Ki-Sook |
author_sort | Noh, Jinok |
collection | PubMed |
description | The prostate tumor microenvironment plays important roles in the metastasis and hormone-insensitive re-growth of tumor cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into prostate tumors to facilitate tumor microenvironment formation. However, the specific intrinsic molecules mediating BM-MSCs’ migration to prostate tumors are unknown. BM-MSCs’ migration toward a conditioned medium (CM) of hormone-insensitive (PC3 and DU145) or hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) prostate tumor cells was investigated using a three-dimensional cell migration assay and a transwell migration assay. PC3 and DU145 expressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but LNCaP did not. Regardless of TGF-β expression, BM-MSCs migrated toward the CM of PC3, DU145, or LNCaP. The CM of PC3 or DU145 expressing TGF-β increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in BM-MSCs. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling in BM-MSCs using TGF-β type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) inhibitors, SB505124, or SB431542 did not allow BM-MSCs to migrate toward the CM. The CM of PC3 or DU145 enhanced N-cadherin expression on BM-MSCs, but the LNCaP CM did not. SB505124, SB431542, and TGFBR1 knockdown prevented an increase in N-cadherin expression. N-cadherin knockdown inhibited the collective migration of BM-MSCs toward the PC3 CM. We identified N-cadherin as a mediator of BM-MSCs’ migration toward hormone-insensitive prostate tumor cells expressing TGF-β and introduced a novel strategy for controlling and re-engineering the prostate tumor microenvironment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8615076 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-86150762021-11-26 Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin Noh, Jinok Yu, Jinyeong Kim, Wootak Park, Aran Park, Ki-Sook Biomedicines Article The prostate tumor microenvironment plays important roles in the metastasis and hormone-insensitive re-growth of tumor cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into prostate tumors to facilitate tumor microenvironment formation. However, the specific intrinsic molecules mediating BM-MSCs’ migration to prostate tumors are unknown. BM-MSCs’ migration toward a conditioned medium (CM) of hormone-insensitive (PC3 and DU145) or hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) prostate tumor cells was investigated using a three-dimensional cell migration assay and a transwell migration assay. PC3 and DU145 expressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but LNCaP did not. Regardless of TGF-β expression, BM-MSCs migrated toward the CM of PC3, DU145, or LNCaP. The CM of PC3 or DU145 expressing TGF-β increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in BM-MSCs. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling in BM-MSCs using TGF-β type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) inhibitors, SB505124, or SB431542 did not allow BM-MSCs to migrate toward the CM. The CM of PC3 or DU145 enhanced N-cadherin expression on BM-MSCs, but the LNCaP CM did not. SB505124, SB431542, and TGFBR1 knockdown prevented an increase in N-cadherin expression. N-cadherin knockdown inhibited the collective migration of BM-MSCs toward the PC3 CM. We identified N-cadherin as a mediator of BM-MSCs’ migration toward hormone-insensitive prostate tumor cells expressing TGF-β and introduced a novel strategy for controlling and re-engineering the prostate tumor microenvironment. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8615076/ /pubmed/34829800 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111572 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Noh, Jinok Yu, Jinyeong Kim, Wootak Park, Aran Park, Ki-Sook Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin |
title | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin |
title_full | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin |
title_fullStr | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin |
title_full_unstemmed | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin |
title_short | Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin |
title_sort | bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells migrate toward hormone-insensitive prostate tumor cells expressing tgf-β via n-cadherin |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615076/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34829800 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9111572 |
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