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Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing

Delayed fracture healing and fracture non-unions impose an enormous burden on individuals and society. Successful healing requires tight communication between immune cells and bone cells. Macrophages can be found in all healing phases. Due to their high plasticity and long life span, they represent...

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Autores principales: Chen, Yangmengfan, Menger, Maximilian M., Braun, Benedikt J., Schweizer, Sara, Linnemann, Caren, Falldorf, Karsten, Ronniger, Michael, Wang, Hongbo, Histing, Tina, Nussler, Andreas K., Ehnert, Sabrina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615107/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34821733
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110167
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author Chen, Yangmengfan
Menger, Maximilian M.
Braun, Benedikt J.
Schweizer, Sara
Linnemann, Caren
Falldorf, Karsten
Ronniger, Michael
Wang, Hongbo
Histing, Tina
Nussler, Andreas K.
Ehnert, Sabrina
author_facet Chen, Yangmengfan
Menger, Maximilian M.
Braun, Benedikt J.
Schweizer, Sara
Linnemann, Caren
Falldorf, Karsten
Ronniger, Michael
Wang, Hongbo
Histing, Tina
Nussler, Andreas K.
Ehnert, Sabrina
author_sort Chen, Yangmengfan
collection PubMed
description Delayed fracture healing and fracture non-unions impose an enormous burden on individuals and society. Successful healing requires tight communication between immune cells and bone cells. Macrophages can be found in all healing phases. Due to their high plasticity and long life span, they represent good target cells for modulation. In the past, extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnet fields (ELF-PEMFs) have been shown to exert cell-specific effects depending on the field conditions. Thus, the aim was to identify the specific ELF-PEMFs able to modulate macrophage activity to indirectly promote mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (SCP-1 cells) function. After a blinded screening of 22 different ELF-PEMF, two fields (termed A and B) were further characterized as they diversely affected macrophage function. These two fields have similar fundamental frequencies (51.8 Hz and 52.3 Hz) but are emitted in different groups of pulses or rather send–pause intervals. Macrophages exposed to field A showed a pro-inflammatory function, represented by increased levels of phospho-Stat1 and CD86, the accumulation of ROS, and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing functions, represented by increased levels of Arginase I, increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors are known to induce healing processes. The conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to both ELF-PEMFs favored the migration of SCP-1 cells, but the effect was stronger for field B. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to field B, but not to field A, stimulated the expression of extracellular matrix genes in SCP-1 cells, i.e., COL1A1, FN1, and BGN. In summary, our data show that specific ELF-PEMFs may affect immune cell function. Thus, knowing the specific ELF-PEMFs conditions and the underlying mechanisms bears great potential as an adjuvant treatment to modulate immune responses during pathologies, e.g., fracture healing.
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spelling pubmed-86151072021-11-26 Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing Chen, Yangmengfan Menger, Maximilian M. Braun, Benedikt J. Schweizer, Sara Linnemann, Caren Falldorf, Karsten Ronniger, Michael Wang, Hongbo Histing, Tina Nussler, Andreas K. Ehnert, Sabrina Bioengineering (Basel) Article Delayed fracture healing and fracture non-unions impose an enormous burden on individuals and society. Successful healing requires tight communication between immune cells and bone cells. Macrophages can be found in all healing phases. Due to their high plasticity and long life span, they represent good target cells for modulation. In the past, extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnet fields (ELF-PEMFs) have been shown to exert cell-specific effects depending on the field conditions. Thus, the aim was to identify the specific ELF-PEMFs able to modulate macrophage activity to indirectly promote mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (SCP-1 cells) function. After a blinded screening of 22 different ELF-PEMF, two fields (termed A and B) were further characterized as they diversely affected macrophage function. These two fields have similar fundamental frequencies (51.8 Hz and 52.3 Hz) but are emitted in different groups of pulses or rather send–pause intervals. Macrophages exposed to field A showed a pro-inflammatory function, represented by increased levels of phospho-Stat1 and CD86, the accumulation of ROS, and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing functions, represented by increased levels of Arginase I, increased secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors are known to induce healing processes. The conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to both ELF-PEMFs favored the migration of SCP-1 cells, but the effect was stronger for field B. Furthermore, the conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to field B, but not to field A, stimulated the expression of extracellular matrix genes in SCP-1 cells, i.e., COL1A1, FN1, and BGN. In summary, our data show that specific ELF-PEMFs may affect immune cell function. Thus, knowing the specific ELF-PEMFs conditions and the underlying mechanisms bears great potential as an adjuvant treatment to modulate immune responses during pathologies, e.g., fracture healing. MDPI 2021-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8615107/ /pubmed/34821733 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110167 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Yangmengfan
Menger, Maximilian M.
Braun, Benedikt J.
Schweizer, Sara
Linnemann, Caren
Falldorf, Karsten
Ronniger, Michael
Wang, Hongbo
Histing, Tina
Nussler, Andreas K.
Ehnert, Sabrina
Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
title Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
title_full Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
title_fullStr Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
title_short Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing
title_sort modulation of macrophage activity by pulsed electromagnetic fields in the context of fracture healing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615107/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34821733
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110167
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