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Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass

Wax is an organic compound found on the surface of lignocellulose biomass to protect plants from physical and biological stresses in nature. With its small mass fraction in biomass, wax has been neglected from inclusion in the design of the biorefinery process. This study investigated the interferin...

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Autores principales: Gundupalli, Marttin Paulraj, Chuetor, Santi, Cheenkachorn, Kraipat, Rattanaporn, Kittipong, Show, Pau-Loke, Cheng, Yu-Shen, Sriariyanun, Malinee
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34821737
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110171
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author Gundupalli, Marttin Paulraj
Chuetor, Santi
Cheenkachorn, Kraipat
Rattanaporn, Kittipong
Show, Pau-Loke
Cheng, Yu-Shen
Sriariyanun, Malinee
author_facet Gundupalli, Marttin Paulraj
Chuetor, Santi
Cheenkachorn, Kraipat
Rattanaporn, Kittipong
Show, Pau-Loke
Cheng, Yu-Shen
Sriariyanun, Malinee
author_sort Gundupalli, Marttin Paulraj
collection PubMed
description Wax is an organic compound found on the surface of lignocellulose biomass to protect plants from physical and biological stresses in nature. With its small mass fraction in biomass, wax has been neglected from inclusion in the design of the biorefinery process. This study investigated the interfering effect of wax in three types of lignocellulosic biomass, including rice straw (RS), Napier grass (NG), and sugarcane bagasse (SB). In this study, although small fractions of wax were extracted from RS, NG, and SB at 0.57%, 0.61%, and 1.69%, respectively, dewaxing causes changes in the plant compositions and their functional groups and promotes dissociations of lignocellulose fibrils. Additionally, dewaxing of biomass samples increased reducing sugar by 1.17-, 1.04-, and 1.35-fold in RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The ethanol yield increased by 1.11-, 1.05-, and 1.23-fold after wax removal from RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The chemical composition profiles of the waxes obtained from RS, NG, and SB showed FAME, alcohol, and alkane as the major groups. According to the conversion rate of the dewaxing process and ethanol fermentation, the wax outputs of RS, NG, and SB are 5.64, 17.00, and 6.00 kg/ton, respectively. The current gasoline price is around USD 0.903 per liter, making ethanol more expensive than gasoline. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of ethanol in the biorefinery industry, other valuable products (such as wax) should be considered for commercialization. The cost of natural wax ranges from USD 2 to 22 per kilogram, depending on the source of the extracted wax. The wax yields obtained from RS, SB, and NG have the potential to increase profits in the biorefining process and could provide an opportunity for application in a wider range of downstream industries than just biofuels.
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spelling pubmed-86151842021-11-26 Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass Gundupalli, Marttin Paulraj Chuetor, Santi Cheenkachorn, Kraipat Rattanaporn, Kittipong Show, Pau-Loke Cheng, Yu-Shen Sriariyanun, Malinee Bioengineering (Basel) Article Wax is an organic compound found on the surface of lignocellulose biomass to protect plants from physical and biological stresses in nature. With its small mass fraction in biomass, wax has been neglected from inclusion in the design of the biorefinery process. This study investigated the interfering effect of wax in three types of lignocellulosic biomass, including rice straw (RS), Napier grass (NG), and sugarcane bagasse (SB). In this study, although small fractions of wax were extracted from RS, NG, and SB at 0.57%, 0.61%, and 1.69%, respectively, dewaxing causes changes in the plant compositions and their functional groups and promotes dissociations of lignocellulose fibrils. Additionally, dewaxing of biomass samples increased reducing sugar by 1.17-, 1.04-, and 1.35-fold in RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The ethanol yield increased by 1.11-, 1.05-, and 1.23-fold after wax removal from RS, NG, and SB, respectively. The chemical composition profiles of the waxes obtained from RS, NG, and SB showed FAME, alcohol, and alkane as the major groups. According to the conversion rate of the dewaxing process and ethanol fermentation, the wax outputs of RS, NG, and SB are 5.64, 17.00, and 6.00 kg/ton, respectively. The current gasoline price is around USD 0.903 per liter, making ethanol more expensive than gasoline. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of ethanol in the biorefinery industry, other valuable products (such as wax) should be considered for commercialization. The cost of natural wax ranges from USD 2 to 22 per kilogram, depending on the source of the extracted wax. The wax yields obtained from RS, SB, and NG have the potential to increase profits in the biorefining process and could provide an opportunity for application in a wider range of downstream industries than just biofuels. MDPI 2021-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8615184/ /pubmed/34821737 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110171 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gundupalli, Marttin Paulraj
Chuetor, Santi
Cheenkachorn, Kraipat
Rattanaporn, Kittipong
Show, Pau-Loke
Cheng, Yu-Shen
Sriariyanun, Malinee
Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass
title Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass
title_full Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass
title_fullStr Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass
title_full_unstemmed Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass
title_short Interferences of Waxes on Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Production from Lignocellulose Biomass
title_sort interferences of waxes on enzymatic saccharification and ethanol production from lignocellulose biomass
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8615184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34821737
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110171
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